Size–Frequency Distribution of Terrestrial Leftover Planetesimals and S-complex Implanted Asteroids
The isotopic composition of meteorites linked to S-complex asteroids has been used to suggest that these asteroids originated in the terrestrial planet’s region, i.e., within 1.5 au, and later got implanted into the main asteroid belt (MAB). Dynamical models of planet formation support this view. Ye...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adccbb |
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| author | Rogerio Deienno André Izidoro David Nesvorný William F. Bottke Fernando Roig Simone Marchi |
| author_facet | Rogerio Deienno André Izidoro David Nesvorný William F. Bottke Fernando Roig Simone Marchi |
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| description | The isotopic composition of meteorites linked to S-complex asteroids has been used to suggest that these asteroids originated in the terrestrial planet’s region, i.e., within 1.5 au, and later got implanted into the main asteroid belt (MAB). Dynamical models of planet formation support this view. Yet it remains to be demonstrated whether the currently observed size–frequency distribution (SFD) of S-complex bodies in the MAB can be reproduced via this implantation process. Here we studied the evolution of the SFD of planetesimals during the accretion of terrestrial planets with the code LIPAD self-consistently accounting for growth and fragmentation of planetesimals. In our simulations we vary the initial surface density of planetesimals, the gaseous disk lifetime, and the power slope of the initial planetesimals’ SFD. We compared the final SFDs of leftover planetesimals in the terrestrial planet region with the SFD of observed S-complex MAB objects ( D > 100 km). We found that the SFDs of our planetesimal populations and that of S-complex MAB objects show very similar cumulative power index (i.e., q ≈ 3.15 in N (> D ) ∝ D ^− ^q ) for slopes in the diameter range 100 km < D < 400 km by the end of our simulations. Our results support the hypothesis of S-complex MAB implantation from the terrestrial planet forming region, assuming implantation is size independent, and imply that implantation efficiency is smaller than ${ \mathcal O }$ (10 ^–2 –10 ^–4 ) to avoid overimplantation of (4) Vesta-sized objects or larger. |
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| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-ac2bd967de404143a3ee31dc902ca2152025-08-20T02:33:16ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01986214610.3847/1538-4357/adccbbSize–Frequency Distribution of Terrestrial Leftover Planetesimals and S-complex Implanted AsteroidsRogerio Deienno0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-7857André Izidoro1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-0634David Nesvorný2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4547-4301William F. Bottke3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1804-7814Fernando Roig4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-5116Simone Marchi5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-3291Solar System Science & Exploration Division, Southwest Research Institute , 1301 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302, USA ; rogerio.deienno@swri.orgDepartment of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, MS 126, Rice University , Houston, TX 77005, USASolar System Science & Exploration Division, Southwest Research Institute , 1301 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302, USA ; rogerio.deienno@swri.orgSolar System Science & Exploration Division, Southwest Research Institute , 1301 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302, USA ; rogerio.deienno@swri.orgObservatório Nacional , Rua General José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, BrazilSolar System Science & Exploration Division, Southwest Research Institute , 1301 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302, USA ; rogerio.deienno@swri.orgThe isotopic composition of meteorites linked to S-complex asteroids has been used to suggest that these asteroids originated in the terrestrial planet’s region, i.e., within 1.5 au, and later got implanted into the main asteroid belt (MAB). Dynamical models of planet formation support this view. Yet it remains to be demonstrated whether the currently observed size–frequency distribution (SFD) of S-complex bodies in the MAB can be reproduced via this implantation process. Here we studied the evolution of the SFD of planetesimals during the accretion of terrestrial planets with the code LIPAD self-consistently accounting for growth and fragmentation of planetesimals. In our simulations we vary the initial surface density of planetesimals, the gaseous disk lifetime, and the power slope of the initial planetesimals’ SFD. We compared the final SFDs of leftover planetesimals in the terrestrial planet region with the SFD of observed S-complex MAB objects ( D > 100 km). We found that the SFDs of our planetesimal populations and that of S-complex MAB objects show very similar cumulative power index (i.e., q ≈ 3.15 in N (> D ) ∝ D ^− ^q ) for slopes in the diameter range 100 km < D < 400 km by the end of our simulations. Our results support the hypothesis of S-complex MAB implantation from the terrestrial planet forming region, assuming implantation is size independent, and imply that implantation efficiency is smaller than ${ \mathcal O }$ (10 ^–2 –10 ^–4 ) to avoid overimplantation of (4) Vesta-sized objects or larger.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adccbbAsteroid beltAsteroid dynamicsSolar system formationSolar system terrestrial planets |
| spellingShingle | Rogerio Deienno André Izidoro David Nesvorný William F. Bottke Fernando Roig Simone Marchi Size–Frequency Distribution of Terrestrial Leftover Planetesimals and S-complex Implanted Asteroids The Astrophysical Journal Asteroid belt Asteroid dynamics Solar system formation Solar system terrestrial planets |
| title | Size–Frequency Distribution of Terrestrial Leftover Planetesimals and S-complex Implanted Asteroids |
| title_full | Size–Frequency Distribution of Terrestrial Leftover Planetesimals and S-complex Implanted Asteroids |
| title_fullStr | Size–Frequency Distribution of Terrestrial Leftover Planetesimals and S-complex Implanted Asteroids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Size–Frequency Distribution of Terrestrial Leftover Planetesimals and S-complex Implanted Asteroids |
| title_short | Size–Frequency Distribution of Terrestrial Leftover Planetesimals and S-complex Implanted Asteroids |
| title_sort | size frequency distribution of terrestrial leftover planetesimals and s complex implanted asteroids |
| topic | Asteroid belt Asteroid dynamics Solar system formation Solar system terrestrial planets |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adccbb |
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