Association of Virtual Nurses’ Workflow and Cognitive Fatigue During Inpatient Encounters: Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract BackgroundThe virtual nursing delivery model enables the provision of expert nursing care from a remote location, using technology such as audio and video communication, remote monitoring devices, and access to electronic health records. Virtual nurses spend an extens...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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JMIR Publications
2025-04-01
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| Series: | JMIR Human Factors |
| Online Access: | https://humanfactors.jmir.org/2025/1/e67111 |
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| _version_ | 1849697508472651776 |
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| author | Saif Khairat Jennifer Morelli Wan-Ting Liao Julia Aucoin Barbara S Edson Cheryl B Jones |
| author_facet | Saif Khairat Jennifer Morelli Wan-Ting Liao Julia Aucoin Barbara S Edson Cheryl B Jones |
| author_sort | Saif Khairat |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Abstract
BackgroundThe virtual nursing delivery model enables the provision of expert nursing care from a remote location, using technology such as audio and video communication, remote monitoring devices, and access to electronic health records. Virtual nurses spend an extensive amount of time on computers to provide care, and little is known about how this workflow may affect and contribute to cognitive fatigue.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to use eye tracking technology and pupil size variation to determine instances of virtual nurse cognitive fatigue during their typical workflow.
MethodsThis study examined the virtual nursing workflow by recording and analyzing virtual nurse encounters using eye tracking. This cross-sectional study was conducted during regular 12-hour shifts at a major Southeastern health center in the United States.
ResultsThe study found that 75% (22/29) of virtual nursing encounters demonstrated a first fatigue instance at 9.8 minutes during patient discharges and at 11.9 minutes during patient admissions.
ConclusionsThis study provides valuable insights into virtual nursing workflow design and how it may impact the cognitive fatigue levels of nurses providing inpatient virtual care. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ac1f3ef7f5f047729817403f39dca9f8 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2292-9495 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JMIR Human Factors |
| spelling | doaj-art-ac1f3ef7f5f047729817403f39dca9f82025-08-20T03:19:11ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Human Factors2292-94952025-04-0112e67111e6711110.2196/67111Association of Virtual Nurses’ Workflow and Cognitive Fatigue During Inpatient Encounters: Cross-Sectional StudySaif Khairathttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-2946Jennifer Morellihttp://orcid.org/0009-0005-2399-7880Wan-Ting Liaohttp://orcid.org/0009-0001-5070-5610Julia Aucoinhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-6329Barbara S Edsonhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4818-9573Cheryl B Joneshttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0200-3438 Abstract BackgroundThe virtual nursing delivery model enables the provision of expert nursing care from a remote location, using technology such as audio and video communication, remote monitoring devices, and access to electronic health records. Virtual nurses spend an extensive amount of time on computers to provide care, and little is known about how this workflow may affect and contribute to cognitive fatigue. ObjectiveThis study aimed to use eye tracking technology and pupil size variation to determine instances of virtual nurse cognitive fatigue during their typical workflow. MethodsThis study examined the virtual nursing workflow by recording and analyzing virtual nurse encounters using eye tracking. This cross-sectional study was conducted during regular 12-hour shifts at a major Southeastern health center in the United States. ResultsThe study found that 75% (22/29) of virtual nursing encounters demonstrated a first fatigue instance at 9.8 minutes during patient discharges and at 11.9 minutes during patient admissions. ConclusionsThis study provides valuable insights into virtual nursing workflow design and how it may impact the cognitive fatigue levels of nurses providing inpatient virtual care.https://humanfactors.jmir.org/2025/1/e67111 |
| spellingShingle | Saif Khairat Jennifer Morelli Wan-Ting Liao Julia Aucoin Barbara S Edson Cheryl B Jones Association of Virtual Nurses’ Workflow and Cognitive Fatigue During Inpatient Encounters: Cross-Sectional Study JMIR Human Factors |
| title | Association of Virtual Nurses’ Workflow and Cognitive Fatigue During Inpatient Encounters: Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full | Association of Virtual Nurses’ Workflow and Cognitive Fatigue During Inpatient Encounters: Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Association of Virtual Nurses’ Workflow and Cognitive Fatigue During Inpatient Encounters: Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of Virtual Nurses’ Workflow and Cognitive Fatigue During Inpatient Encounters: Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_short | Association of Virtual Nurses’ Workflow and Cognitive Fatigue During Inpatient Encounters: Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_sort | association of virtual nurses workflow and cognitive fatigue during inpatient encounters cross sectional study |
| url | https://humanfactors.jmir.org/2025/1/e67111 |
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