Microbial community of civet excreta fed by robusta cherry coffee in Indonesian civet coffee production

Objectives: Kopi luwak (civet coffee) is produced through a fermentation process in the digestive system of civets. This study aims to investigate the diversity of microorganisms in Indonesian civet excreta fed with robusta coffee cherries. Materials and Methods: Six excreta samples were collected...

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Main Authors: Sri Winarsih, Uswatun Hasanah, Lilis Nuraida, Nuri Andarwulan, Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research
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Online Access:http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=233421
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author Sri Winarsih
Uswatun Hasanah
Lilis Nuraida
Nuri Andarwulan
Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
author_facet Sri Winarsih
Uswatun Hasanah
Lilis Nuraida
Nuri Andarwulan
Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
author_sort Sri Winarsih
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: Kopi luwak (civet coffee) is produced through a fermentation process in the digestive system of civets. This study aims to investigate the diversity of microorganisms in Indonesian civet excreta fed with robusta coffee cherries. Materials and Methods: Six excreta samples were collected from male and female Indonesian civets of three species: binturong (Arctictis binturong), Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), and masked palm civet (Paguma larvata). Microbial diversity was analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Results: Based on alpha and beta diversity analysis, the microbial community in civet excreta differs. Microbes found in the excreta of male P. hermaphroditus (PH-M) were the most diverse. Microbes were identified in the bacterial and yeast domains. The relative abundance of bacteria was higher than yeast. The occurrence of non-pathogenic bacteria (50.76%–90.51%) was higher than pathogens (9.49%–41.24%). The dominant bacteria in the excreta of all civets were Escherichia coli (15.98%–54.68%). Although not dominant microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast are present in civet excreta. The LAB present in the range from 0.16% to 32.14%, with the most abundant LAB being Streptococcus pasteurianus, Weissella confusa, and W. cibaria. Meanwhile, the identified yeasts were Hanseniaspora opuntiae and H. uvarum. Pathogenic bacteria, both spore-forming and non-spore-forming, were also present in civet excreta. The virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance gene cluster were detected. Conclusion: The microbial diversity of Indonesian civet excreta is influenced by species and sex. PH-M contains the most diverse microbes. The presence of foodborne pathogens in civet excreta may be carried over into the beans, and hence, further processing of the beans should assure the safety of the beans. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(2.000): 565-581]
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2311-7710
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publisher Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh
record_format Article
series Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research
spelling doaj-art-ac1199ea2a0c48069129593e32b37df52025-08-20T03:58:35ZengNetwork for the Veterinarians of BangladeshJournal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research2311-77102025-04-0112256558110.5455/javar.2025.l921233421Microbial community of civet excreta fed by robusta cherry coffee in Indonesian civet coffee productionSri Winarsih0Uswatun Hasanah1Lilis Nuraida2Nuri Andarwulan3Wisnu Ananta Kusuma4Food Science Study Program, Graduate School, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.Objectives: Kopi luwak (civet coffee) is produced through a fermentation process in the digestive system of civets. This study aims to investigate the diversity of microorganisms in Indonesian civet excreta fed with robusta coffee cherries. Materials and Methods: Six excreta samples were collected from male and female Indonesian civets of three species: binturong (Arctictis binturong), Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), and masked palm civet (Paguma larvata). Microbial diversity was analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Results: Based on alpha and beta diversity analysis, the microbial community in civet excreta differs. Microbes found in the excreta of male P. hermaphroditus (PH-M) were the most diverse. Microbes were identified in the bacterial and yeast domains. The relative abundance of bacteria was higher than yeast. The occurrence of non-pathogenic bacteria (50.76%–90.51%) was higher than pathogens (9.49%–41.24%). The dominant bacteria in the excreta of all civets were Escherichia coli (15.98%–54.68%). Although not dominant microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast are present in civet excreta. The LAB present in the range from 0.16% to 32.14%, with the most abundant LAB being Streptococcus pasteurianus, Weissella confusa, and W. cibaria. Meanwhile, the identified yeasts were Hanseniaspora opuntiae and H. uvarum. Pathogenic bacteria, both spore-forming and non-spore-forming, were also present in civet excreta. The virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance gene cluster were detected. Conclusion: The microbial diversity of Indonesian civet excreta is influenced by species and sex. PH-M contains the most diverse microbes. The presence of foodborne pathogens in civet excreta may be carried over into the beans, and hence, further processing of the beans should assure the safety of the beans. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(2.000): 565-581]http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=233421bacteria; excreta; civet coffee; ngs; pathogen
spellingShingle Sri Winarsih
Uswatun Hasanah
Lilis Nuraida
Nuri Andarwulan
Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
Microbial community of civet excreta fed by robusta cherry coffee in Indonesian civet coffee production
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research
bacteria; excreta; civet coffee; ngs; pathogen
title Microbial community of civet excreta fed by robusta cherry coffee in Indonesian civet coffee production
title_full Microbial community of civet excreta fed by robusta cherry coffee in Indonesian civet coffee production
title_fullStr Microbial community of civet excreta fed by robusta cherry coffee in Indonesian civet coffee production
title_full_unstemmed Microbial community of civet excreta fed by robusta cherry coffee in Indonesian civet coffee production
title_short Microbial community of civet excreta fed by robusta cherry coffee in Indonesian civet coffee production
title_sort microbial community of civet excreta fed by robusta cherry coffee in indonesian civet coffee production
topic bacteria; excreta; civet coffee; ngs; pathogen
url http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=233421
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