A Comprehensive Analysis of Rovibrational CO in the Era of JWST
We present an analysis of CO rovibrational emission lines in the 183 infrared spectra of nearby Class II objects obtained with the NIRSPEC instrument on the Keck II telescope over the past two decades. The sample includes a broad range of stellar mass (both T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be) and disk evoluti...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ade80e |
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| author | D. Annie Dickson-Vandervelde Colette Salyk Geoffrey A. Blake Clara Ross Adwin Boogert Klaus Pontoppidan |
| author_facet | D. Annie Dickson-Vandervelde Colette Salyk Geoffrey A. Blake Clara Ross Adwin Boogert Klaus Pontoppidan |
| author_sort | D. Annie Dickson-Vandervelde |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present an analysis of CO rovibrational emission lines in the 183 infrared spectra of nearby Class II objects obtained with the NIRSPEC instrument on the Keck II telescope over the past two decades. The sample includes a broad range of stellar mass (both T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be) and disk evolutionary states (from full to debris disks). We find that 53% of the sample has CO rovibrational emission lines present in their spectrum with disk/stellar subtype detection rates of 82% for transition disks, 61% for Herbigs, and 77% for classical T Tauri stars. Although there is no discernible difference between T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be star CO detection rates, the detection of accretion and of CO are statistically correlated in T Tauri stars but not in Herbig Ae/Be objects. Within the sample of T Tauri stars, we find that no weak-line T Tauri stars have CO rovibrational emission lines. We use slab modeling to analyze the density, temperature, and emitting area of the sample. The retrieval results imply that Herbig Ae/Be objects tend to have cooler and larger CO emitting regions than T Tauri stars. We find that the CO emitting area is not a thin ring as defined by temperature, but a ring of varying size, likely dependent on the structure of the disk. We also present guidelines on how to approach CO rovibrational emission lines in JWST spectra and present methods for linking ground-based observations with JWST spectra. This includes line-to-continuum ratio estimates based on stellar mass and accretion rate. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ac0adf8893a64eb88dbf8e298e86045f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-ac0adf8893a64eb88dbf8e298e86045f2025-08-20T03:34:45ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812025-01-01170213010.3847/1538-3881/ade80eA Comprehensive Analysis of Rovibrational CO in the Era of JWSTD. Annie Dickson-Vandervelde0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-5144Colette Salyk1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3682-6632Geoffrey A. Blake2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0787-1610Clara Ross3https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9795-2879Adwin Boogert4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9344-0096Klaus Pontoppidan5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7552-1562Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vassar College , 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vassar College , 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USADivision of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , MC 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125, USACenter for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USAWe present an analysis of CO rovibrational emission lines in the 183 infrared spectra of nearby Class II objects obtained with the NIRSPEC instrument on the Keck II telescope over the past two decades. The sample includes a broad range of stellar mass (both T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be) and disk evolutionary states (from full to debris disks). We find that 53% of the sample has CO rovibrational emission lines present in their spectrum with disk/stellar subtype detection rates of 82% for transition disks, 61% for Herbigs, and 77% for classical T Tauri stars. Although there is no discernible difference between T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be star CO detection rates, the detection of accretion and of CO are statistically correlated in T Tauri stars but not in Herbig Ae/Be objects. Within the sample of T Tauri stars, we find that no weak-line T Tauri stars have CO rovibrational emission lines. We use slab modeling to analyze the density, temperature, and emitting area of the sample. The retrieval results imply that Herbig Ae/Be objects tend to have cooler and larger CO emitting regions than T Tauri stars. We find that the CO emitting area is not a thin ring as defined by temperature, but a ring of varying size, likely dependent on the structure of the disk. We also present guidelines on how to approach CO rovibrational emission lines in JWST spectra and present methods for linking ground-based observations with JWST spectra. This includes line-to-continuum ratio estimates based on stellar mass and accretion rate.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ade80eProtoplanetary disksCO line emissionPlanet formationInfrared spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | D. Annie Dickson-Vandervelde Colette Salyk Geoffrey A. Blake Clara Ross Adwin Boogert Klaus Pontoppidan A Comprehensive Analysis of Rovibrational CO in the Era of JWST The Astronomical Journal Protoplanetary disks CO line emission Planet formation Infrared spectroscopy |
| title | A Comprehensive Analysis of Rovibrational CO in the Era of JWST |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Analysis of Rovibrational CO in the Era of JWST |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Analysis of Rovibrational CO in the Era of JWST |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Analysis of Rovibrational CO in the Era of JWST |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Analysis of Rovibrational CO in the Era of JWST |
| title_sort | comprehensive analysis of rovibrational co in the era of jwst |
| topic | Protoplanetary disks CO line emission Planet formation Infrared spectroscopy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ade80e |
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