Enhancing self-care in post-MI patients: a family-supported educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior

Abstract Introduction Myocardial Infarction (MI) ranks among the major causes of death and disability globally. The modifiable risk factors are very important not only for its prevention, but also for its long-term management. Adherence to self-care plays a very important part in improving outcomes...

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Main Authors: Ali Arman, Armin Attar, Peyman Izadpanah, Hasan Bahja, Ali Khani Jeihooni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04960-w
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author Ali Arman
Armin Attar
Peyman Izadpanah
Hasan Bahja
Ali Khani Jeihooni
author_facet Ali Arman
Armin Attar
Peyman Izadpanah
Hasan Bahja
Ali Khani Jeihooni
author_sort Ali Arman
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Myocardial Infarction (MI) ranks among the major causes of death and disability globally. The modifiable risk factors are very important not only for its prevention, but also for its long-term management. Adherence to self-care plays a very important part in improving outcomes following MI. However, after MI, patient adherence declines over time. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a socio-psychological theory that can be a model to develop focused interventions which will improve self-care practices. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 140 post-MI patients in Fasa City, Iran (2023–2024). They were randomly allocated to the intervention (70) or control (70) group. Participants in the intervention group received a 10-session education program based on the TPB content related to self-care components. The control group only received standard care. Validated scales assessed self-care behavior, TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control), lifestyle modification and behavioral intention at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Results There was no significant difference between both groups in terms of demographic and baseline variables and TPB domains (p > 0.05). However, at four months following the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant improvement in all evaluated variables compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion The TPB-based educational intervention can meaningfully improve the self-care behavior of MI patients. Future work should assess the sustainability over time of these changes, and the feasibility of using digital health technology to support enhanced patient compliance.
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spelling doaj-art-abfd8a45b9fc4b63b5aae9f46d56d1a02025-08-20T03:45:40ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612025-07-0125111010.1186/s12872-025-04960-wEnhancing self-care in post-MI patients: a family-supported educational intervention based on the theory of planned behaviorAli Arman0Armin Attar1Peyman Izadpanah2Hasan Bahja3Ali Khani Jeihooni4Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, TAHA Clinical trial group, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesNutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesAbstract Introduction Myocardial Infarction (MI) ranks among the major causes of death and disability globally. The modifiable risk factors are very important not only for its prevention, but also for its long-term management. Adherence to self-care plays a very important part in improving outcomes following MI. However, after MI, patient adherence declines over time. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a socio-psychological theory that can be a model to develop focused interventions which will improve self-care practices. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 140 post-MI patients in Fasa City, Iran (2023–2024). They were randomly allocated to the intervention (70) or control (70) group. Participants in the intervention group received a 10-session education program based on the TPB content related to self-care components. The control group only received standard care. Validated scales assessed self-care behavior, TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control), lifestyle modification and behavioral intention at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Results There was no significant difference between both groups in terms of demographic and baseline variables and TPB domains (p > 0.05). However, at four months following the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant improvement in all evaluated variables compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion The TPB-based educational intervention can meaningfully improve the self-care behavior of MI patients. Future work should assess the sustainability over time of these changes, and the feasibility of using digital health technology to support enhanced patient compliance.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04960-wMyocardial infarctionSelf-care behaviorTheory of planned behaviorHealth educationChronic disease management
spellingShingle Ali Arman
Armin Attar
Peyman Izadpanah
Hasan Bahja
Ali Khani Jeihooni
Enhancing self-care in post-MI patients: a family-supported educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Myocardial infarction
Self-care behavior
Theory of planned behavior
Health education
Chronic disease management
title Enhancing self-care in post-MI patients: a family-supported educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior
title_full Enhancing self-care in post-MI patients: a family-supported educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior
title_fullStr Enhancing self-care in post-MI patients: a family-supported educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing self-care in post-MI patients: a family-supported educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior
title_short Enhancing self-care in post-MI patients: a family-supported educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior
title_sort enhancing self care in post mi patients a family supported educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior
topic Myocardial infarction
Self-care behavior
Theory of planned behavior
Health education
Chronic disease management
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04960-w
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