Probability Evaluation Study of Soil Erosion Types in the Songhua River Basin Based on Deep Learning and Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation

[Objective] To scientifically identify the types of soil erosion at the watershed scale and give the corresponding probability of occurrence. [Methods] This study constructs a deep learning (DL)-based model for calculating soil erosion modulus in the Songhua River Basin and calculates different type...

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Main Authors: XING Zhenxiang, WANG Jiaqi, ZHANG Hongxue, SONG Jian, WANG Yinan, DUAN Weiyi, GONG Ming, HUANG Changli
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: Editorial Department of Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 2024-10-01
Series:Shuitu Baochi Xuebao
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Online Access:http://stbcxb.alljournal.com.cn/stbcxben/article/abstract/20240512
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_version_ 1850103544352342016
author XING Zhenxiang
WANG Jiaqi
ZHANG Hongxue
SONG Jian
WANG Yinan
DUAN Weiyi
GONG Ming
HUANG Changli
author_facet XING Zhenxiang
WANG Jiaqi
ZHANG Hongxue
SONG Jian
WANG Yinan
DUAN Weiyi
GONG Ming
HUANG Changli
author_sort XING Zhenxiang
collection DOAJ
description [Objective] To scientifically identify the types of soil erosion at the watershed scale and give the corresponding probability of occurrence. [Methods] This study constructs a deep learning (DL)-based model for calculating soil erosion modulus in the Songhua River Basin and calculates different types of soil erosion modulus. Using three erosion modulus influencing factors, namely rainfall, air temperature and wind speed, as random variables, numerical simulation and Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation (GKDE) were used to construct the EM probability evaluation method, which gives the probability of occurrence of different combinations of soil erosion intensities. [Results] The R2 of the validation period of the EM computational models were all >0.86; 74.47% of the average annual occurrence of slight water erosion and slight wind erosion in the watershed; 12.86% of the area of slight and above water erosion and slight wind erosion; 12.56% of the area of slight and above wind erosion and slight water erosion; 0.11% of the area of water erosion strength and wind erosion intensity are both slight and above. 36 typical image elements of the 36 typical images, the average probability of occurrence of slight water erosion and slight wind erosion is 57.45%; the average probability of occurrence of slight water erosion and mild wind erosion is 30.26%; the average probability of occurrence of slight water erosion and moderate wind erosion is 8.03%; the average probability of occurrence of mild water erosion and slight wind erosion is 2.11%; the average probability of occurrence of slight water erosion and severe wind erosion is 2.08%; and the evaluations of occurrence of the remaining combinations of probabilities were all below 0.05%. [Conclusion] The calculation model of erosion modulus in the Songhua River basin constructed in this study has high accuracy, reveals the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion types in the Songhua River basin, and gives the probability of occurrence of different combinations of the intensity of the two types of erosion, which provides a basis for the management of soil erosion in the Songhua River basin.
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issn 1009-2242
language zho
publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher Editorial Department of Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
record_format Article
series Shuitu Baochi Xuebao
spelling doaj-art-abed43e1130c4bb58e09c426b19c45962025-08-20T02:39:31ZzhoEditorial Department of Journal of Soil and Water ConservationShuitu Baochi Xuebao1009-22422024-10-0138511612810.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.05.0121009-2242-(2024)05-0116-13Probability Evaluation Study of Soil Erosion Types in the Songhua River Basin Based on Deep Learning and Gaussian Kernel Density EstimationXING Zhenxiang0WANG Jiaqi1ZHANG Hongxue2SONG Jian3WANG Yinan4DUAN Weiyi5GONG Ming6HUANG Changli7School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaHeilongjiang Qiqihar Ecological Environment Testing Center, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161005, China[Objective] To scientifically identify the types of soil erosion at the watershed scale and give the corresponding probability of occurrence. [Methods] This study constructs a deep learning (DL)-based model for calculating soil erosion modulus in the Songhua River Basin and calculates different types of soil erosion modulus. Using three erosion modulus influencing factors, namely rainfall, air temperature and wind speed, as random variables, numerical simulation and Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation (GKDE) were used to construct the EM probability evaluation method, which gives the probability of occurrence of different combinations of soil erosion intensities. [Results] The R2 of the validation period of the EM computational models were all >0.86; 74.47% of the average annual occurrence of slight water erosion and slight wind erosion in the watershed; 12.86% of the area of slight and above water erosion and slight wind erosion; 12.56% of the area of slight and above wind erosion and slight water erosion; 0.11% of the area of water erosion strength and wind erosion intensity are both slight and above. 36 typical image elements of the 36 typical images, the average probability of occurrence of slight water erosion and slight wind erosion is 57.45%; the average probability of occurrence of slight water erosion and mild wind erosion is 30.26%; the average probability of occurrence of slight water erosion and moderate wind erosion is 8.03%; the average probability of occurrence of mild water erosion and slight wind erosion is 2.11%; the average probability of occurrence of slight water erosion and severe wind erosion is 2.08%; and the evaluations of occurrence of the remaining combinations of probabilities were all below 0.05%. [Conclusion] The calculation model of erosion modulus in the Songhua River basin constructed in this study has high accuracy, reveals the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion types in the Songhua River basin, and gives the probability of occurrence of different combinations of the intensity of the two types of erosion, which provides a basis for the management of soil erosion in the Songhua River basin.http://stbcxb.alljournal.com.cn/stbcxben/article/abstract/20240512songhua river basinsoil erosiondeep learninggaussian kernel density estimation methodprobability evaluation
spellingShingle XING Zhenxiang
WANG Jiaqi
ZHANG Hongxue
SONG Jian
WANG Yinan
DUAN Weiyi
GONG Ming
HUANG Changli
Probability Evaluation Study of Soil Erosion Types in the Songhua River Basin Based on Deep Learning and Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation
Shuitu Baochi Xuebao
songhua river basin
soil erosion
deep learning
gaussian kernel density estimation method
probability evaluation
title Probability Evaluation Study of Soil Erosion Types in the Songhua River Basin Based on Deep Learning and Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation
title_full Probability Evaluation Study of Soil Erosion Types in the Songhua River Basin Based on Deep Learning and Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation
title_fullStr Probability Evaluation Study of Soil Erosion Types in the Songhua River Basin Based on Deep Learning and Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation
title_full_unstemmed Probability Evaluation Study of Soil Erosion Types in the Songhua River Basin Based on Deep Learning and Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation
title_short Probability Evaluation Study of Soil Erosion Types in the Songhua River Basin Based on Deep Learning and Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation
title_sort probability evaluation study of soil erosion types in the songhua river basin based on deep learning and gaussian kernel density estimation
topic songhua river basin
soil erosion
deep learning
gaussian kernel density estimation method
probability evaluation
url http://stbcxb.alljournal.com.cn/stbcxben/article/abstract/20240512
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