Senescence-associated signature based on immunotherapy response sequencing reveals PPIL3 as target for bladder cancer treatment and prognosis prediction

BackgroundBladder cancer (Bca) remains a major genitourinary malignancy with unmet needs in immunotherapy optimization. Despite advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), challenges persist, including low response rates and drug resistance. Emerging evidence links tumor cell senescence to...

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Main Authors: Kaixuan Du, Ning Kang, Yuda Lin, Kaipeng Jia, Chong Shen, Zhouliang Wu, Hailong Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1613056/full
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author Kaixuan Du
Kaixuan Du
Ning Kang
Ning Kang
Yuda Lin
Yuda Lin
Kaipeng Jia
Kaipeng Jia
Chong Shen
Chong Shen
Zhouliang Wu
Zhouliang Wu
Hailong Hu
Hailong Hu
author_facet Kaixuan Du
Kaixuan Du
Ning Kang
Ning Kang
Yuda Lin
Yuda Lin
Kaipeng Jia
Kaipeng Jia
Chong Shen
Chong Shen
Zhouliang Wu
Zhouliang Wu
Hailong Hu
Hailong Hu
author_sort Kaixuan Du
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundBladder cancer (Bca) remains a major genitourinary malignancy with unmet needs in immunotherapy optimization. Despite advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), challenges persist, including low response rates and drug resistance. Emerging evidence links tumor cell senescence to immunotherapy efficacy, yet predictive biomarkers are lacking.MethodsWe integrated genomic sequencing of real-world Bca patients receiving low-dose paclitaxel combined with immunotherapy to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between responders and non-responders. By intersecting DEGs with senescence-related gene sets (SRGs), we derived senescence-related DEGs (SRDEGs) and constructed a senescence-immunotherapy model (SIM) via TCGA-based multi-regression analysis.ResultsThe SIM, validated across three independent cohorts, demonstrated superior prognostic accuracy for overall survival (OS) compared to clinical parameters. High SIM scores correlated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME). Drug sensitivity analysis revealed differential responses to cisplatin and paclitaxel between SIM subgroups. Critically, real-world validation confirmed SIM’s predictive power for immunotherapy response. Multi-omics profiling further highlighted PPIL3 as a hub gene driving senescence and suppressing proliferation. In vitro experiments showed elevated expression of PPIL3 facilitated the concentration of senescence markers (SA-β-gal) and inhabited tumor cell proliferation.ConclusionsThis study establishes SIM as a dual-purpose tool for survival prediction and immunotherapy stratification, and suggested that PPIL3 could be a therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of Bca by regulating senescence.
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spelling doaj-art-abea82d45d6540aaa3cf73f4415ae01c2025-08-20T03:29:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-06-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16130561613056Senescence-associated signature based on immunotherapy response sequencing reveals PPIL3 as target for bladder cancer treatment and prognosis predictionKaixuan Du0Kaixuan Du1Ning Kang2Ning Kang3Yuda Lin4Yuda Lin5Kaipeng Jia6Kaipeng Jia7Chong Shen8Chong Shen9Zhouliang Wu10Zhouliang Wu11Hailong Hu12Hailong Hu13Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaBackgroundBladder cancer (Bca) remains a major genitourinary malignancy with unmet needs in immunotherapy optimization. Despite advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), challenges persist, including low response rates and drug resistance. Emerging evidence links tumor cell senescence to immunotherapy efficacy, yet predictive biomarkers are lacking.MethodsWe integrated genomic sequencing of real-world Bca patients receiving low-dose paclitaxel combined with immunotherapy to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between responders and non-responders. By intersecting DEGs with senescence-related gene sets (SRGs), we derived senescence-related DEGs (SRDEGs) and constructed a senescence-immunotherapy model (SIM) via TCGA-based multi-regression analysis.ResultsThe SIM, validated across three independent cohorts, demonstrated superior prognostic accuracy for overall survival (OS) compared to clinical parameters. High SIM scores correlated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME). Drug sensitivity analysis revealed differential responses to cisplatin and paclitaxel between SIM subgroups. Critically, real-world validation confirmed SIM’s predictive power for immunotherapy response. Multi-omics profiling further highlighted PPIL3 as a hub gene driving senescence and suppressing proliferation. In vitro experiments showed elevated expression of PPIL3 facilitated the concentration of senescence markers (SA-β-gal) and inhabited tumor cell proliferation.ConclusionsThis study establishes SIM as a dual-purpose tool for survival prediction and immunotherapy stratification, and suggested that PPIL3 could be a therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of Bca by regulating senescence.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1613056/fullsenescenceimmunotherapybladder cancerPPIL3therapeutic target
spellingShingle Kaixuan Du
Kaixuan Du
Ning Kang
Ning Kang
Yuda Lin
Yuda Lin
Kaipeng Jia
Kaipeng Jia
Chong Shen
Chong Shen
Zhouliang Wu
Zhouliang Wu
Hailong Hu
Hailong Hu
Senescence-associated signature based on immunotherapy response sequencing reveals PPIL3 as target for bladder cancer treatment and prognosis prediction
Frontiers in Immunology
senescence
immunotherapy
bladder cancer
PPIL3
therapeutic target
title Senescence-associated signature based on immunotherapy response sequencing reveals PPIL3 as target for bladder cancer treatment and prognosis prediction
title_full Senescence-associated signature based on immunotherapy response sequencing reveals PPIL3 as target for bladder cancer treatment and prognosis prediction
title_fullStr Senescence-associated signature based on immunotherapy response sequencing reveals PPIL3 as target for bladder cancer treatment and prognosis prediction
title_full_unstemmed Senescence-associated signature based on immunotherapy response sequencing reveals PPIL3 as target for bladder cancer treatment and prognosis prediction
title_short Senescence-associated signature based on immunotherapy response sequencing reveals PPIL3 as target for bladder cancer treatment and prognosis prediction
title_sort senescence associated signature based on immunotherapy response sequencing reveals ppil3 as target for bladder cancer treatment and prognosis prediction
topic senescence
immunotherapy
bladder cancer
PPIL3
therapeutic target
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1613056/full
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