Acceleration of Solar Eruptions via Enhanced Torus Instability Driven by Small-scale Flux Emergence

Despite decades of research, the fundamental processes involved in the initiation and acceleration of solar eruptions remain not fully understood, making them long-standing and challenging problems in solar physics. Recent high-resolution observations by the Goode Solar Telescope have revealed small...

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Main Authors: Satoshi Inoue, Takahiro Miyoshi, Keiji Hayashi, Huu Minh Triet Nguyen, Ju Jing, Wenda Cao, Haimin Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adeab2
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author Satoshi Inoue
Takahiro Miyoshi
Keiji Hayashi
Huu Minh Triet Nguyen
Ju Jing
Wenda Cao
Haimin Wang
author_facet Satoshi Inoue
Takahiro Miyoshi
Keiji Hayashi
Huu Minh Triet Nguyen
Ju Jing
Wenda Cao
Haimin Wang
author_sort Satoshi Inoue
collection DOAJ
description Despite decades of research, the fundamental processes involved in the initiation and acceleration of solar eruptions remain not fully understood, making them long-standing and challenging problems in solar physics. Recent high-resolution observations by the Goode Solar Telescope have revealed small-scale magnetic flux emergence in localized regions of solar active areas prior to eruptions. Although much smaller in size than the entire active region, these emerging fluxes reached strengths of up to 2000 G. To investigate their impact, we performed data-constrained magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We find that while the small-scale emerging flux does not significantly alter the preeruption evolution, it dramatically accelerates the eruption during the main phase by enhancing the growth of torus instability, which emerges in the nonlinear stage. This enhancement occurs independently of the decay index profile. Our analysis indicates that even subtle differences in the preeruption evolution can strongly influence the subsequent dynamics, suggesting that small-scale emerging flux can play a critical role in accelerating solar eruptions.
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series The Astrophysical Journal Letters
spelling doaj-art-abe8d972a04e4398a5bbb8b80fa910d52025-08-20T03:25:05ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019881L3610.3847/2041-8213/adeab2Acceleration of Solar Eruptions via Enhanced Torus Instability Driven by Small-scale Flux EmergenceSatoshi Inoue0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-5122Takahiro Miyoshi1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-4460Keiji Hayashi2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-6688Huu Minh Triet Nguyen3Ju Jing4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8179-3625Wenda Cao5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-6047Haimin Wang6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-565XCenter for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USAGraduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, JapanCenter for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USACenter for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USACenter for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USACenter for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USA; Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology , 40386 North Shore Lane, Big Bear City, CA 92314, USACenter for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USADespite decades of research, the fundamental processes involved in the initiation and acceleration of solar eruptions remain not fully understood, making them long-standing and challenging problems in solar physics. Recent high-resolution observations by the Goode Solar Telescope have revealed small-scale magnetic flux emergence in localized regions of solar active areas prior to eruptions. Although much smaller in size than the entire active region, these emerging fluxes reached strengths of up to 2000 G. To investigate their impact, we performed data-constrained magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We find that while the small-scale emerging flux does not significantly alter the preeruption evolution, it dramatically accelerates the eruption during the main phase by enhancing the growth of torus instability, which emerges in the nonlinear stage. This enhancement occurs independently of the decay index profile. Our analysis indicates that even subtle differences in the preeruption evolution can strongly influence the subsequent dynamics, suggesting that small-scale emerging flux can play a critical role in accelerating solar eruptions.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adeab2Solar flaresSolar active region magnetic fieldsMagnetohydrodynamicsMagnetohydrodynamical simulationsSolar coronal mass ejectionsActive solar corona
spellingShingle Satoshi Inoue
Takahiro Miyoshi
Keiji Hayashi
Huu Minh Triet Nguyen
Ju Jing
Wenda Cao
Haimin Wang
Acceleration of Solar Eruptions via Enhanced Torus Instability Driven by Small-scale Flux Emergence
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Solar flares
Solar active region magnetic fields
Magnetohydrodynamics
Magnetohydrodynamical simulations
Solar coronal mass ejections
Active solar corona
title Acceleration of Solar Eruptions via Enhanced Torus Instability Driven by Small-scale Flux Emergence
title_full Acceleration of Solar Eruptions via Enhanced Torus Instability Driven by Small-scale Flux Emergence
title_fullStr Acceleration of Solar Eruptions via Enhanced Torus Instability Driven by Small-scale Flux Emergence
title_full_unstemmed Acceleration of Solar Eruptions via Enhanced Torus Instability Driven by Small-scale Flux Emergence
title_short Acceleration of Solar Eruptions via Enhanced Torus Instability Driven by Small-scale Flux Emergence
title_sort acceleration of solar eruptions via enhanced torus instability driven by small scale flux emergence
topic Solar flares
Solar active region magnetic fields
Magnetohydrodynamics
Magnetohydrodynamical simulations
Solar coronal mass ejections
Active solar corona
url https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adeab2
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