The challenge of pituitary hyperplasia differential diagnosis in a young girl with growth arrest

Growth arrest is an alarming condition which requires precise and tempestive investigations in order to provide accurate diagnosis. Long-standing primary hypothyroidism (PHT) may rarely occur as a growth arrest as the only clinical sign at onset in children. The most common cause of PHT in children...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Aurora Lanzafame, Tiziana Abbate, Giuseppina Zirilli, Flavia Caime, Domenico Corica, Malgorzata Wasniewska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti 2024-07-01
Series:Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti - Classe di Scienze Medico-Biologiche
Subjects:
Online Access:https://cab.unime.it/journals/index.php/APMB/article/view/4273
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849317243070971904
author Aurora Lanzafame
Tiziana Abbate
Giuseppina Zirilli
Flavia Caime
Domenico Corica
Malgorzata Wasniewska
author_facet Aurora Lanzafame
Tiziana Abbate
Giuseppina Zirilli
Flavia Caime
Domenico Corica
Malgorzata Wasniewska
author_sort Aurora Lanzafame
collection DOAJ
description Growth arrest is an alarming condition which requires precise and tempestive investigations in order to provide accurate diagnosis. Long-standing primary hypothyroidism (PHT) may rarely occur as a growth arrest as the only clinical sign at onset in children. The most common cause of PHT in children and adolescents is represented by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), an autoimmune disease which frequently presents clinically with goitre. Rarely, HT may present as an atrophic variant without goitre, which may delay the diagnosis of PHT. Long-standing PHT is an unusual cause of pituitary hyperplasia (PH) and it has to be differentiated from severe conditions, including neoplasms. Loss of thyroxine feedback determines overproduction of thyrotropin releasing hormone, thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing cells hyperplasia and a consequent pituitary enlargement. Levothyroxine replacement therapy usually determines regression of PH. This report describes a case of an 11-year-old girl suffering from PHT and secondary PH due to autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis whose only onset symptom was growth arrest. Thyroid hormone evaluation should be included in the first step of evaluations in patients with growth arrest even in the absence of clear clinical signs suggestive of thyroid disfunction. In patients with pituitary enlargement, thyroid function tests are important to recognize PH secondary to PHT and to avoid unnecessary surgery.
format Article
id doaj-art-abe7baa45acb46be9fe85a30a5105251
institution Kabale University
issn 1828-6550
language English
publishDate 2024-07-01
publisher Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti
record_format Article
series Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti - Classe di Scienze Medico-Biologiche
spelling doaj-art-abe7baa45acb46be9fe85a30a51052512025-08-20T03:51:18ZengAccademia Peloritana dei PericolantiAtti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti - Classe di Scienze Medico-Biologiche1828-65502024-07-0111211510.13129/1828-6550/APMB.112.1.2024.CCS23386The challenge of pituitary hyperplasia differential diagnosis in a young girl with growth arrestAurora Lanzafame0Tiziana Abbate1Giuseppina Zirilli2Flavia Caime3Domenico Corica4Malgorzata Wasniewska5Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of MessinaDepartment of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of MessinaDepartment of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of MessinaDepartment of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of MessinaDepartment of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of MessinaDepartment of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of MessinaGrowth arrest is an alarming condition which requires precise and tempestive investigations in order to provide accurate diagnosis. Long-standing primary hypothyroidism (PHT) may rarely occur as a growth arrest as the only clinical sign at onset in children. The most common cause of PHT in children and adolescents is represented by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), an autoimmune disease which frequently presents clinically with goitre. Rarely, HT may present as an atrophic variant without goitre, which may delay the diagnosis of PHT. Long-standing PHT is an unusual cause of pituitary hyperplasia (PH) and it has to be differentiated from severe conditions, including neoplasms. Loss of thyroxine feedback determines overproduction of thyrotropin releasing hormone, thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing cells hyperplasia and a consequent pituitary enlargement. Levothyroxine replacement therapy usually determines regression of PH. This report describes a case of an 11-year-old girl suffering from PHT and secondary PH due to autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis whose only onset symptom was growth arrest. Thyroid hormone evaluation should be included in the first step of evaluations in patients with growth arrest even in the absence of clear clinical signs suggestive of thyroid disfunction. In patients with pituitary enlargement, thyroid function tests are important to recognize PH secondary to PHT and to avoid unnecessary surgery.https://cab.unime.it/journals/index.php/APMB/article/view/4273pituitary hyperplasia, primary hypothyroidism, growth arrest, autoimmune thyroiditis
spellingShingle Aurora Lanzafame
Tiziana Abbate
Giuseppina Zirilli
Flavia Caime
Domenico Corica
Malgorzata Wasniewska
The challenge of pituitary hyperplasia differential diagnosis in a young girl with growth arrest
Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti - Classe di Scienze Medico-Biologiche
pituitary hyperplasia, primary hypothyroidism, growth arrest, autoimmune thyroiditis
title The challenge of pituitary hyperplasia differential diagnosis in a young girl with growth arrest
title_full The challenge of pituitary hyperplasia differential diagnosis in a young girl with growth arrest
title_fullStr The challenge of pituitary hyperplasia differential diagnosis in a young girl with growth arrest
title_full_unstemmed The challenge of pituitary hyperplasia differential diagnosis in a young girl with growth arrest
title_short The challenge of pituitary hyperplasia differential diagnosis in a young girl with growth arrest
title_sort challenge of pituitary hyperplasia differential diagnosis in a young girl with growth arrest
topic pituitary hyperplasia, primary hypothyroidism, growth arrest, autoimmune thyroiditis
url https://cab.unime.it/journals/index.php/APMB/article/view/4273
work_keys_str_mv AT auroralanzafame thechallengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest
AT tizianaabbate thechallengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest
AT giuseppinazirilli thechallengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest
AT flaviacaime thechallengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest
AT domenicocorica thechallengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest
AT malgorzatawasniewska thechallengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest
AT auroralanzafame challengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest
AT tizianaabbate challengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest
AT giuseppinazirilli challengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest
AT flaviacaime challengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest
AT domenicocorica challengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest
AT malgorzatawasniewska challengeofpituitaryhyperplasiadifferentialdiagnosisinayounggirlwithgrowtharrest