Lifestyle risk factors for overweight and obesity among rural Indian adults: a community-based prospective cohort study
India’s nutrition transition has led to an increased burden of overweight/obesity (body mass index of ≥23 kg/m2), driven by lifestyle factors like poor diet, inactivity, and substance use, prompting public health interventions. However, these interventions lack supporting evidence, especially in rur...
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Cambridge University Press
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nutritional Science |
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| author | Rajesh Kumar Rai Sabri Bromage Jan-Walter De Neve Anamitra Barik |
| author_facet | Rajesh Kumar Rai Sabri Bromage Jan-Walter De Neve Anamitra Barik |
| author_sort | Rajesh Kumar Rai |
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| description | India’s nutrition transition has led to an increased burden of overweight/obesity (body mass index of ≥23 kg/m2), driven by lifestyle factors like poor diet, inactivity, and substance use, prompting public health interventions. However, these interventions lack supporting evidence, especially in rural areas, hindering effective strategies for this population. To address this evidence gap, this study used cohort data (baseline: 2018–19, follow-up: 2022–23) from the Birbhum Population Project (West Bengal, India) to analyse lifestyle risk factors and their association with incidence and remission of overweight/obesity among adults aged ≥18 years (sample: 8,974). Modified Poisson regression model was employed to attain the study objective. From 2017–2018 to 2022–2023, the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 15.2% (95% CI: 14.1%–16.4%) to 21.0% (95% CI: 19.7%–22.3%) among men and from 24.1% (95% CI: 22.9%–25.2%) to 33.8% (95% CI: 32.5%–35.1%) among women. Overall, 23.0% (95% CI: 21.8%–24.3%) of adults experienced incidence of overweight/obesity, while 13.9% (95% CI: 12.4%–15.6%) experienced remission. Use of motor vehicles among unemployed participants was associated with incident overweight/obesity (relative risk or RR: 1.058; 95% CI: 1.023–1.095; P: 0.001). Vigorous activity at home (including gardening, yard work, and household chores) was linked to higher odds of recovering from overweight/obesity (RR: 1.065; 95% CI: 1.008–1.125; P: 0.025). Frequent tobacco use (often/daily vs. none) was inversely associated with remission of overweight-obesity (RR: 0.689; 95% CI: 0.484–0.980; P: 0.038), as was each 1 ml in alcohol consumption (RR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.991–0.999; P: 0.022). Discouraging habitual motor vehicle use may help prevent overweight/obesity, while promoting home-based activities may aid remission, particularly for women who are at higher risk for overweight/obesity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-abdbe54b9b8544fe8d720f47852185c6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2048-6790 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-abdbe54b9b8544fe8d720f47852185c62025-02-11T08:56:02ZengCambridge University PressJournal of Nutritional Science2048-67902025-01-011410.1017/jns.2025.4Lifestyle risk factors for overweight and obesity among rural Indian adults: a community-based prospective cohort studyRajesh Kumar Rai0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-9937Sabri Bromage1Jan-Walter De Neve2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0090-8249Anamitra Barik3Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, West Bengal, India Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USACommunity Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USAHeidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Division of Global Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USASociety for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, West Bengal, India Suri District Hospital, Suri, West Bengal, IndiaIndia’s nutrition transition has led to an increased burden of overweight/obesity (body mass index of ≥23 kg/m2), driven by lifestyle factors like poor diet, inactivity, and substance use, prompting public health interventions. However, these interventions lack supporting evidence, especially in rural areas, hindering effective strategies for this population. To address this evidence gap, this study used cohort data (baseline: 2018–19, follow-up: 2022–23) from the Birbhum Population Project (West Bengal, India) to analyse lifestyle risk factors and their association with incidence and remission of overweight/obesity among adults aged ≥18 years (sample: 8,974). Modified Poisson regression model was employed to attain the study objective. From 2017–2018 to 2022–2023, the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 15.2% (95% CI: 14.1%–16.4%) to 21.0% (95% CI: 19.7%–22.3%) among men and from 24.1% (95% CI: 22.9%–25.2%) to 33.8% (95% CI: 32.5%–35.1%) among women. Overall, 23.0% (95% CI: 21.8%–24.3%) of adults experienced incidence of overweight/obesity, while 13.9% (95% CI: 12.4%–15.6%) experienced remission. Use of motor vehicles among unemployed participants was associated with incident overweight/obesity (relative risk or RR: 1.058; 95% CI: 1.023–1.095; P: 0.001). Vigorous activity at home (including gardening, yard work, and household chores) was linked to higher odds of recovering from overweight/obesity (RR: 1.065; 95% CI: 1.008–1.125; P: 0.025). Frequent tobacco use (often/daily vs. none) was inversely associated with remission of overweight-obesity (RR: 0.689; 95% CI: 0.484–0.980; P: 0.038), as was each 1 ml in alcohol consumption (RR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.991–0.999; P: 0.022). Discouraging habitual motor vehicle use may help prevent overweight/obesity, while promoting home-based activities may aid remission, particularly for women who are at higher risk for overweight/obesity.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679025000047/type/journal_articleDietObesityOverweightPhysical activitySubstance use |
| spellingShingle | Rajesh Kumar Rai Sabri Bromage Jan-Walter De Neve Anamitra Barik Lifestyle risk factors for overweight and obesity among rural Indian adults: a community-based prospective cohort study Journal of Nutritional Science Diet Obesity Overweight Physical activity Substance use |
| title | Lifestyle risk factors for overweight and obesity among rural Indian adults: a community-based prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Lifestyle risk factors for overweight and obesity among rural Indian adults: a community-based prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Lifestyle risk factors for overweight and obesity among rural Indian adults: a community-based prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lifestyle risk factors for overweight and obesity among rural Indian adults: a community-based prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Lifestyle risk factors for overweight and obesity among rural Indian adults: a community-based prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | lifestyle risk factors for overweight and obesity among rural indian adults a community based prospective cohort study |
| topic | Diet Obesity Overweight Physical activity Substance use |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679025000047/type/journal_article |
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