dCas12a-mediated CRISPR interference for multiplex gene repression in cyanobacteria for enhanced isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol production

Abstract Background Cyanobacteria of the genera Synechocystis and Synechococcus have emerged as promising platforms for metabolic engineering endeavors aimed at converting carbon dioxide into valuable fuels and chemicals, thus addressing the pressing energy demand and mitigating global climate chang...

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Main Authors: Hao Xie, Barbara Bourgade, Karin Stensjö, Peter Lindblad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Microbial Cell Factories
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-025-02727-8
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author Hao Xie
Barbara Bourgade
Karin Stensjö
Peter Lindblad
author_facet Hao Xie
Barbara Bourgade
Karin Stensjö
Peter Lindblad
author_sort Hao Xie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Cyanobacteria of the genera Synechocystis and Synechococcus have emerged as promising platforms for metabolic engineering endeavors aimed at converting carbon dioxide into valuable fuels and chemicals, thus addressing the pressing energy demand and mitigating global climate change. Notably, Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) has been engineered to produce isobutanol (IB) and 3-methyl-1-butanol (3M1B) via heterologous expression of α-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase (Kivd). Despite these advances, the achieved IB/3M1B titers remain low. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), an emerging tool for targeted gene repression, has demonstrated success in various cellular systems to enhance biochemical productivity. Results In this study, we developed a dCas12a-mediated CRISPRi system (CRISPRi-dCas12a) that effectively blocked the transcriptional initiation/elongation of essential gene(s), resulting in up to 60% gene repression in Synechocystis. Subsequently, the CRISPRi-dCas12a system was successfully integrated into an IB/3M1B producer strain, where it exhibited target gene repression under optimal cultivation conditions. To identify gene targets involved in metabolic pathways potentially limiting IB/3M1B biosynthesis, we initially designed a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) library targeting fifteen individual gene(s), where repression of ten genes significantly increased IB/3M1B production per cell. Moreover, a synergetic effect was observed on IB/3M1B production by designing a single crRNA targeting multiple genes for simultaneous repression. A final strain HX106, featuring dual repression of ppc and gltA, both involved in the TCA cycle, resulted in 2.6-fold and 14.8-fold improvement in IB and 3M1B production per cell, respectively. Conclusions Our findings underscore the effectiveness of the CRISPRi-dCas12a system in Synechocystis for identifying competing pathways and redirecting carbon flux to enhance IB/3M1B production. Furthermore, this study established a solid groundwork for utilizing an expanded CRISPRi-crRNA library to undertake genome-wide exploration of potential competing pathways not only for IB/3M1B biosynthesis but also for other diverse biofuels and biochemical production processes.
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spelling doaj-art-abd4081fa46f4dba81bef7eaefe750bf2025-08-20T02:25:17ZengBMCMicrobial Cell Factories1475-28592025-05-0124112010.1186/s12934-025-02727-8dCas12a-mediated CRISPR interference for multiplex gene repression in cyanobacteria for enhanced isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol productionHao Xie0Barbara Bourgade1Karin Stensjö2Peter Lindblad3Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityMicrobial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityMicrobial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityMicrobial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityAbstract Background Cyanobacteria of the genera Synechocystis and Synechococcus have emerged as promising platforms for metabolic engineering endeavors aimed at converting carbon dioxide into valuable fuels and chemicals, thus addressing the pressing energy demand and mitigating global climate change. Notably, Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) has been engineered to produce isobutanol (IB) and 3-methyl-1-butanol (3M1B) via heterologous expression of α-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase (Kivd). Despite these advances, the achieved IB/3M1B titers remain low. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), an emerging tool for targeted gene repression, has demonstrated success in various cellular systems to enhance biochemical productivity. Results In this study, we developed a dCas12a-mediated CRISPRi system (CRISPRi-dCas12a) that effectively blocked the transcriptional initiation/elongation of essential gene(s), resulting in up to 60% gene repression in Synechocystis. Subsequently, the CRISPRi-dCas12a system was successfully integrated into an IB/3M1B producer strain, where it exhibited target gene repression under optimal cultivation conditions. To identify gene targets involved in metabolic pathways potentially limiting IB/3M1B biosynthesis, we initially designed a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) library targeting fifteen individual gene(s), where repression of ten genes significantly increased IB/3M1B production per cell. Moreover, a synergetic effect was observed on IB/3M1B production by designing a single crRNA targeting multiple genes for simultaneous repression. A final strain HX106, featuring dual repression of ppc and gltA, both involved in the TCA cycle, resulted in 2.6-fold and 14.8-fold improvement in IB and 3M1B production per cell, respectively. Conclusions Our findings underscore the effectiveness of the CRISPRi-dCas12a system in Synechocystis for identifying competing pathways and redirecting carbon flux to enhance IB/3M1B production. Furthermore, this study established a solid groundwork for utilizing an expanded CRISPRi-crRNA library to undertake genome-wide exploration of potential competing pathways not only for IB/3M1B biosynthesis but also for other diverse biofuels and biochemical production processes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-025-02727-8Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803Metabolic engineeringCRISPR interferenceBiofuelsAlcohol biosynthesisHeterologous expression
spellingShingle Hao Xie
Barbara Bourgade
Karin Stensjö
Peter Lindblad
dCas12a-mediated CRISPR interference for multiplex gene repression in cyanobacteria for enhanced isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol production
Microbial Cell Factories
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Metabolic engineering
CRISPR interference
Biofuels
Alcohol biosynthesis
Heterologous expression
title dCas12a-mediated CRISPR interference for multiplex gene repression in cyanobacteria for enhanced isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol production
title_full dCas12a-mediated CRISPR interference for multiplex gene repression in cyanobacteria for enhanced isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol production
title_fullStr dCas12a-mediated CRISPR interference for multiplex gene repression in cyanobacteria for enhanced isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol production
title_full_unstemmed dCas12a-mediated CRISPR interference for multiplex gene repression in cyanobacteria for enhanced isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol production
title_short dCas12a-mediated CRISPR interference for multiplex gene repression in cyanobacteria for enhanced isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol production
title_sort dcas12a mediated crispr interference for multiplex gene repression in cyanobacteria for enhanced isobutanol and 3 methyl 1 butanol production
topic Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Metabolic engineering
CRISPR interference
Biofuels
Alcohol biosynthesis
Heterologous expression
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-025-02727-8
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