A Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment and Biopsy Outcomes with and Without Central Review in Two Swedish Regional Organized Prostate Cancer Testing Programs

Background and objective: The European Council advises evaluating the feasibility of organized prostate cancer testing (OPT) programs, but it is unclear whether results from screening trials can be replicated in population-based testing. The aim of this study is to compare magnetic resonance imaging...

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Main Authors: Jonas Wallström, Max Alterbeck, Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman, Ola Bratt, Thomas Jiborn, Erik Thimansson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:European Urology Open Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666168325001296
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author Jonas Wallström
Max Alterbeck
Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman
Ola Bratt
Thomas Jiborn
Erik Thimansson
author_facet Jonas Wallström
Max Alterbeck
Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman
Ola Bratt
Thomas Jiborn
Erik Thimansson
author_sort Jonas Wallström
collection DOAJ
description Background and objective: The European Council advises evaluating the feasibility of organized prostate cancer testing (OPT) programs, but it is unclear whether results from screening trials can be replicated in population-based testing. The aim of this study is to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments and biopsy outcomes with and without a central review in two Swedish OPT programs. Methods: Two regional population-based OPT programs invited 65 000 men (2020–2022). MRI scans were read locally, and biopsies followed a strict MRI-based and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density–based protocol. A blinded central review was done by two radiologists with 8 and 9 yr of experience. Reader agreement was assessed with percentages and kappa scores. Positive predictive values (PPVs) for detecting grade group (GG) 2–5 prostate cancer were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Key findings and limitations: MRI scans for 416 men (median age 52 yr) with PSA ≥3 ng/ml were evaluated. In Skåne, 27% of scans were primarily assigned Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores ≥4, compared with 10% in Västra Götaland. At the primary reading, 76 men had PI-RADS ≥4, yielding 43 GG 2–5 prostate cancer cases: PPV 0.57 (95% CI 0.45–0.67). At the central review, 65 men had PI-RADS ≥4. Out of 61 men biopsied, 50 had GG 2–5 prostate cancer: PPV 0.82 (95% CI 0.71–0.90, p < 0.001 for PPV difference). The central review radiologists’ kappa score was 0.83. No additional biopsies were taken based on the central review findings. Conclusions and clinical implications: In population-based screening with local MRI reading, MRI assignment may vary substantially. Centralized reading could reduce these differences and increase the biopsy PPV for GG ≥2 cancer. Patient summary: In this report, we reviewed local magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reading in population-based screening. We found that MRI assignment varied between centers. We conclude that centralized reading could reduce differences and improve biopsy outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-abcac25cdf5e40aab5f52f460618e1962025-08-20T02:40:50ZengElsevierEuropean Urology Open Science2666-16832025-07-0177323810.1016/j.euros.2025.05.008A Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment and Biopsy Outcomes with and Without Central Review in Two Swedish Regional Organized Prostate Cancer Testing ProgramsJonas Wallström0Max Alterbeck1Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman2Ola Bratt3Thomas Jiborn4Erik Thimansson5Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Corresponding author. Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Tel. +46 708 982 675.Department of Translational Medicine, Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Urology, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, SwedenDepartment of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, SwedenBackground and objective: The European Council advises evaluating the feasibility of organized prostate cancer testing (OPT) programs, but it is unclear whether results from screening trials can be replicated in population-based testing. The aim of this study is to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments and biopsy outcomes with and without a central review in two Swedish OPT programs. Methods: Two regional population-based OPT programs invited 65 000 men (2020–2022). MRI scans were read locally, and biopsies followed a strict MRI-based and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density–based protocol. A blinded central review was done by two radiologists with 8 and 9 yr of experience. Reader agreement was assessed with percentages and kappa scores. Positive predictive values (PPVs) for detecting grade group (GG) 2–5 prostate cancer were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Key findings and limitations: MRI scans for 416 men (median age 52 yr) with PSA ≥3 ng/ml were evaluated. In Skåne, 27% of scans were primarily assigned Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores ≥4, compared with 10% in Västra Götaland. At the primary reading, 76 men had PI-RADS ≥4, yielding 43 GG 2–5 prostate cancer cases: PPV 0.57 (95% CI 0.45–0.67). At the central review, 65 men had PI-RADS ≥4. Out of 61 men biopsied, 50 had GG 2–5 prostate cancer: PPV 0.82 (95% CI 0.71–0.90, p < 0.001 for PPV difference). The central review radiologists’ kappa score was 0.83. No additional biopsies were taken based on the central review findings. Conclusions and clinical implications: In population-based screening with local MRI reading, MRI assignment may vary substantially. Centralized reading could reduce these differences and increase the biopsy PPV for GG ≥2 cancer. Patient summary: In this report, we reviewed local magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reading in population-based screening. We found that MRI assignment varied between centers. We conclude that centralized reading could reduce differences and improve biopsy outcomes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666168325001296Prostatic neoplasmsEarly detection of cancerMagnetic resonance imagingObserver variation
spellingShingle Jonas Wallström
Max Alterbeck
Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman
Ola Bratt
Thomas Jiborn
Erik Thimansson
A Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment and Biopsy Outcomes with and Without Central Review in Two Swedish Regional Organized Prostate Cancer Testing Programs
European Urology Open Science
Prostatic neoplasms
Early detection of cancer
Magnetic resonance imaging
Observer variation
title A Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment and Biopsy Outcomes with and Without Central Review in Two Swedish Regional Organized Prostate Cancer Testing Programs
title_full A Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment and Biopsy Outcomes with and Without Central Review in Two Swedish Regional Organized Prostate Cancer Testing Programs
title_fullStr A Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment and Biopsy Outcomes with and Without Central Review in Two Swedish Regional Organized Prostate Cancer Testing Programs
title_full_unstemmed A Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment and Biopsy Outcomes with and Without Central Review in Two Swedish Regional Organized Prostate Cancer Testing Programs
title_short A Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment and Biopsy Outcomes with and Without Central Review in Two Swedish Regional Organized Prostate Cancer Testing Programs
title_sort comparison of magnetic resonance imaging assessment and biopsy outcomes with and without central review in two swedish regional organized prostate cancer testing programs
topic Prostatic neoplasms
Early detection of cancer
Magnetic resonance imaging
Observer variation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666168325001296
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