A complex between IF2 and NusA suggests early coupling of transcription-translation

Abstract The main function of translation initiation factors is to assist ribosomes in selecting the correct reading frame on an mRNA. This process has been extensively studied with the help of reconstituted in vitro systems, but the dynamics in living cells have not been characterized. In this stud...

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Main Authors: Mikhail Metelev, Magnus Johansson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62207-w
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author Mikhail Metelev
Magnus Johansson
author_facet Mikhail Metelev
Magnus Johansson
author_sort Mikhail Metelev
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The main function of translation initiation factors is to assist ribosomes in selecting the correct reading frame on an mRNA. This process has been extensively studied with the help of reconstituted in vitro systems, but the dynamics in living cells have not been characterized. In this study, we performed single-molecule tracking of the bacterial initiation factors IF2, IF3, as well as the initiator fMet-tRNAfMet directly in growing Escherichia coli cells. Our results reveal the kinetics of factor association with the ribosome and, among other things, highlight the respective antagonistic roles of IF2 and IF3 in the process. Importantly, our comparisons of in vivo binding kinetics of two naturally occurring isoforms of IF2 reveal that the longer IF2α isoform directly interacts with the transcriptional factor NusA, a finding further corroborated by pull-down and cross-linking experiments. Our results suggest that this interaction may promote formation of a coupled transcription-translation complex early in the translation cycle, motivating further structural studies to validate the mechanism. We further show that cells with compromised binding between IF2α and NusA display slow adaptation to new growth conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-abb4eeacd7654118a7b49a4b27840d902025-08-20T04:03:07ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111610.1038/s41467-025-62207-wA complex between IF2 and NusA suggests early coupling of transcription-translationMikhail Metelev0Magnus Johansson1Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Uppsala UniversityDepartment of Cell & Molecular Biology, Uppsala UniversityAbstract The main function of translation initiation factors is to assist ribosomes in selecting the correct reading frame on an mRNA. This process has been extensively studied with the help of reconstituted in vitro systems, but the dynamics in living cells have not been characterized. In this study, we performed single-molecule tracking of the bacterial initiation factors IF2, IF3, as well as the initiator fMet-tRNAfMet directly in growing Escherichia coli cells. Our results reveal the kinetics of factor association with the ribosome and, among other things, highlight the respective antagonistic roles of IF2 and IF3 in the process. Importantly, our comparisons of in vivo binding kinetics of two naturally occurring isoforms of IF2 reveal that the longer IF2α isoform directly interacts with the transcriptional factor NusA, a finding further corroborated by pull-down and cross-linking experiments. Our results suggest that this interaction may promote formation of a coupled transcription-translation complex early in the translation cycle, motivating further structural studies to validate the mechanism. We further show that cells with compromised binding between IF2α and NusA display slow adaptation to new growth conditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62207-w
spellingShingle Mikhail Metelev
Magnus Johansson
A complex between IF2 and NusA suggests early coupling of transcription-translation
Nature Communications
title A complex between IF2 and NusA suggests early coupling of transcription-translation
title_full A complex between IF2 and NusA suggests early coupling of transcription-translation
title_fullStr A complex between IF2 and NusA suggests early coupling of transcription-translation
title_full_unstemmed A complex between IF2 and NusA suggests early coupling of transcription-translation
title_short A complex between IF2 and NusA suggests early coupling of transcription-translation
title_sort complex between if2 and nusa suggests early coupling of transcription translation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62207-w
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