A multi-objective approach to load balancing in cloud environments integrating ACO and WWO techniques

Abstract Effective load balancing and resource allocation are essential in dynamic cloud computing environments, where the demand for rapidity and continuous service is perpetually increasing. This paper introduces an innovative hybrid optimisation method that combines water wave optimization (WWO)...

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Main Authors: Umesh Kumar Lilhore, Sarita Simaiya, Yogendra Narayan Prajapati, Anjani Kumar Rai, Ehab Seif Ghith, Mehdi Tlija, Tarik Lamoudan, Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96364-1
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author Umesh Kumar Lilhore
Sarita Simaiya
Yogendra Narayan Prajapati
Anjani Kumar Rai
Ehab Seif Ghith
Mehdi Tlija
Tarik Lamoudan
Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid
author_facet Umesh Kumar Lilhore
Sarita Simaiya
Yogendra Narayan Prajapati
Anjani Kumar Rai
Ehab Seif Ghith
Mehdi Tlija
Tarik Lamoudan
Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid
author_sort Umesh Kumar Lilhore
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Effective load balancing and resource allocation are essential in dynamic cloud computing environments, where the demand for rapidity and continuous service is perpetually increasing. This paper introduces an innovative hybrid optimisation method that combines water wave optimization (WWO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) to tackle these challenges effectively. ACO is acknowledged for its proficiency in conducting local searches effectively, facilitating the swift discovery of high-quality solutions. In contrast, WWO specialises in global exploration, guaranteeing extensive coverage of the solution space. Collectively, these methods harness their distinct advantages to enhance various objectives: decreasing response times, maximising resource efficiency, and lowering operational expenses. We assessed the efficacy of our hybrid methodology by conducting extensive simulations using a cloud-sim simulator and a variety of workload trace files. We assessed our methods in comparison to well-established algorithms, such as WWO, genetic algorithm (GA), spider monkey optimization (SMO), and ACO. Key performance indicators, such as task scheduling duration, execution costs, energy consumption, and resource utilisation, were meticulously assessed. The findings demonstrate that the hybrid WWO-ACO approach enhances task scheduling efficiency by 11%, decreases operational expenses by 8%, and lowers energy usage by 12% relative to conventional methods. In addition, the algorithm consistently achieved an impressive equilibrium in resource allocation, with balance values ranging from 0.87 to 0.95. The results emphasise the hybrid WWO-ACO algorithm’s substantial impact on improving system performance and customer satisfaction, thereby demonstrating a significant improvement in cloud computing optimisation techniques.
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spelling doaj-art-aba1986cd0254f25b2a36da144c95d0c2025-08-20T02:11:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115112410.1038/s41598-025-96364-1A multi-objective approach to load balancing in cloud environments integrating ACO and WWO techniquesUmesh Kumar Lilhore0Sarita Simaiya1Yogendra Narayan Prajapati2Anjani Kumar Rai3Ehab Seif Ghith4Mehdi Tlija5Tarik Lamoudan6Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid7School of Computing Science and Engineering, Galgotias UniversitySchool of Computing Science and Engineering, Galgotias UniversityDepartment of CSE, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering CollegeDepartment of CEA, GLADepartment of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science and Arts, Muhayil, King Khalid UniversityDepartment of Computer Science, College of Computing and Information Technology, Shaqra UniversityAbstract Effective load balancing and resource allocation are essential in dynamic cloud computing environments, where the demand for rapidity and continuous service is perpetually increasing. This paper introduces an innovative hybrid optimisation method that combines water wave optimization (WWO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) to tackle these challenges effectively. ACO is acknowledged for its proficiency in conducting local searches effectively, facilitating the swift discovery of high-quality solutions. In contrast, WWO specialises in global exploration, guaranteeing extensive coverage of the solution space. Collectively, these methods harness their distinct advantages to enhance various objectives: decreasing response times, maximising resource efficiency, and lowering operational expenses. We assessed the efficacy of our hybrid methodology by conducting extensive simulations using a cloud-sim simulator and a variety of workload trace files. We assessed our methods in comparison to well-established algorithms, such as WWO, genetic algorithm (GA), spider monkey optimization (SMO), and ACO. Key performance indicators, such as task scheduling duration, execution costs, energy consumption, and resource utilisation, were meticulously assessed. The findings demonstrate that the hybrid WWO-ACO approach enhances task scheduling efficiency by 11%, decreases operational expenses by 8%, and lowers energy usage by 12% relative to conventional methods. In addition, the algorithm consistently achieved an impressive equilibrium in resource allocation, with balance values ranging from 0.87 to 0.95. The results emphasise the hybrid WWO-ACO algorithm’s substantial impact on improving system performance and customer satisfaction, thereby demonstrating a significant improvement in cloud computing optimisation techniques.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96364-1Water wave optimizationHybrid optimizationAnt colony optimizationCloud load balancingResource allocation
spellingShingle Umesh Kumar Lilhore
Sarita Simaiya
Yogendra Narayan Prajapati
Anjani Kumar Rai
Ehab Seif Ghith
Mehdi Tlija
Tarik Lamoudan
Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid
A multi-objective approach to load balancing in cloud environments integrating ACO and WWO techniques
Scientific Reports
Water wave optimization
Hybrid optimization
Ant colony optimization
Cloud load balancing
Resource allocation
title A multi-objective approach to load balancing in cloud environments integrating ACO and WWO techniques
title_full A multi-objective approach to load balancing in cloud environments integrating ACO and WWO techniques
title_fullStr A multi-objective approach to load balancing in cloud environments integrating ACO and WWO techniques
title_full_unstemmed A multi-objective approach to load balancing in cloud environments integrating ACO and WWO techniques
title_short A multi-objective approach to load balancing in cloud environments integrating ACO and WWO techniques
title_sort multi objective approach to load balancing in cloud environments integrating aco and wwo techniques
topic Water wave optimization
Hybrid optimization
Ant colony optimization
Cloud load balancing
Resource allocation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96364-1
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