Gastrointestinal tumor personalized immunotherapy: an integrated analysis from molecular genetics to imaging biomarkers

The immunotherapy landscape for gastrointestinal (GI) tumors is rapidly evolving. There is an urgent need for reliable biomarkers capable of predicting treatment outcomes to optimize therapeutic strategies and enhance patient prognosis. This review presents a comprehensive overview of biomarkers ass...

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Main Authors: Jian Guan, Xiaoling Gong, Hanjiang Zeng, Wei Zhang, Qing Qin, Hongfeng Gou, Xijiao Liu, Bin Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-04-01
Series:Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/17562848251333527
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author Jian Guan
Xiaoling Gong
Hanjiang Zeng
Wei Zhang
Qing Qin
Hongfeng Gou
Xijiao Liu
Bin Song
author_facet Jian Guan
Xiaoling Gong
Hanjiang Zeng
Wei Zhang
Qing Qin
Hongfeng Gou
Xijiao Liu
Bin Song
author_sort Jian Guan
collection DOAJ
description The immunotherapy landscape for gastrointestinal (GI) tumors is rapidly evolving. There is an urgent need for reliable biomarkers capable of predicting treatment outcomes to optimize therapeutic strategies and enhance patient prognosis. This review presents a comprehensive overview of biomarkers associated with the immunotherapy response of GI tumors, covering advances in molecular genetics, histopathological markers, and imaging. Key molecular biomarkers, such as microsatellite instability, tumor mutational burden, and programmed death-ligand 1 expression, remain critical for identifying patients likely to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. The significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, notably the CD8+ T cell to regulatory T cell ratio, as a predictor of immunotherapy response is explored. In addition, advanced imaging techniques, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography-CT, facilitate the noninvasive evaluation of tumor biology and therapeutic response. By bridging molecular and imaging data, this integrated strategy enhances precision in patient selection, treatment monitoring, and adaptive therapy design. Future studies should aim to validate these biomarkers in larger, multicenter cohorts and focus on clinical translation to advance precision medicine in GI oncology.
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issn 1756-2848
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series Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology
spelling doaj-art-ab9ff49ef8ef44d0b3499418c085ac902025-08-20T03:52:24ZengSAGE PublishingTherapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology1756-28482025-04-011810.1177/17562848251333527Gastrointestinal tumor personalized immunotherapy: an integrated analysis from molecular genetics to imaging biomarkersJian GuanXiaoling GongHanjiang ZengWei ZhangQing QinHongfeng GouXijiao LiuBin SongThe immunotherapy landscape for gastrointestinal (GI) tumors is rapidly evolving. There is an urgent need for reliable biomarkers capable of predicting treatment outcomes to optimize therapeutic strategies and enhance patient prognosis. This review presents a comprehensive overview of biomarkers associated with the immunotherapy response of GI tumors, covering advances in molecular genetics, histopathological markers, and imaging. Key molecular biomarkers, such as microsatellite instability, tumor mutational burden, and programmed death-ligand 1 expression, remain critical for identifying patients likely to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. The significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, notably the CD8+ T cell to regulatory T cell ratio, as a predictor of immunotherapy response is explored. In addition, advanced imaging techniques, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography-CT, facilitate the noninvasive evaluation of tumor biology and therapeutic response. By bridging molecular and imaging data, this integrated strategy enhances precision in patient selection, treatment monitoring, and adaptive therapy design. Future studies should aim to validate these biomarkers in larger, multicenter cohorts and focus on clinical translation to advance precision medicine in GI oncology.https://doi.org/10.1177/17562848251333527
spellingShingle Jian Guan
Xiaoling Gong
Hanjiang Zeng
Wei Zhang
Qing Qin
Hongfeng Gou
Xijiao Liu
Bin Song
Gastrointestinal tumor personalized immunotherapy: an integrated analysis from molecular genetics to imaging biomarkers
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology
title Gastrointestinal tumor personalized immunotherapy: an integrated analysis from molecular genetics to imaging biomarkers
title_full Gastrointestinal tumor personalized immunotherapy: an integrated analysis from molecular genetics to imaging biomarkers
title_fullStr Gastrointestinal tumor personalized immunotherapy: an integrated analysis from molecular genetics to imaging biomarkers
title_full_unstemmed Gastrointestinal tumor personalized immunotherapy: an integrated analysis from molecular genetics to imaging biomarkers
title_short Gastrointestinal tumor personalized immunotherapy: an integrated analysis from molecular genetics to imaging biomarkers
title_sort gastrointestinal tumor personalized immunotherapy an integrated analysis from molecular genetics to imaging biomarkers
url https://doi.org/10.1177/17562848251333527
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