Distinct immune responses in people living with HIV following SARS-CoV-2 recovery
Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 infection results in greater disease severity among immunocompromised individuals compared to healthy individuals. However, there is conflicting information about the impact of chronic HIV infection on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Method We...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Communications Medicine |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00839-1 |
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| author | Dieter Mielke Shuying Sue Li Daniel J. Schuster Xiaohong Li Jiani Hu Shelly Karuna Kelly E. Seaton Caroline Brackett Brooke Dunn Taylor Keyes Adam Zalaquett Sherry Stanfield-Oakley Lu Zhang Martina S. Wesley Nathan Eisel Nicole L. Yates Xiaoying Shen Lakshmanane Premkumar Russell St. Germain Anton M. Sholukh Kristen Cohen Stephen de Rosa April Kaur Randhawa John A. Hural Lawrence Corey M. Julianna McElrath Georgia D. Tomaras Ollivier Hyrien Guido Ferrari |
| author_facet | Dieter Mielke Shuying Sue Li Daniel J. Schuster Xiaohong Li Jiani Hu Shelly Karuna Kelly E. Seaton Caroline Brackett Brooke Dunn Taylor Keyes Adam Zalaquett Sherry Stanfield-Oakley Lu Zhang Martina S. Wesley Nathan Eisel Nicole L. Yates Xiaoying Shen Lakshmanane Premkumar Russell St. Germain Anton M. Sholukh Kristen Cohen Stephen de Rosa April Kaur Randhawa John A. Hural Lawrence Corey M. Julianna McElrath Georgia D. Tomaras Ollivier Hyrien Guido Ferrari |
| author_sort | Dieter Mielke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 infection results in greater disease severity among immunocompromised individuals compared to healthy individuals. However, there is conflicting information about the impact of chronic HIV infection on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Method We used a combination of machine learning approaches and network analysis to explore 56 immune markers and comprehensively profile humoral and cellular immunity in a cross-sectional observational cohort of people without HIV (PWOH; n = 216) and people living with HIV (PLWH; n = 43) who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection (13–131 days since SARS-COV-2 diagnosis) early in the pandemic. Results PLWH recovered from symptomatic outpatient COVID-19 exhibit lower humoral and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vs. PWOH but, surprisingly, both symptomatic outpatient and hospitalized PLWH have higher anti-endemic coronavirus antibody responses compared to PWOH counterparts and asymptomatic PLWH. The latter observation suggests that this was not strictly due to broadly elevated levels of anti-endemic coronavirus antibodies in PLWH. Moreover, correlation-based analysis reveals that while different compartments of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are positively correlated in PWOH recovered from symptomatic outpatient COVID-19, these correlations are weaker in PLWH. Conclusion Our analyses reveal significant differences in the coordinated immune responses elicited by infection in PLWH compared to PWOH. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab8fca628e7f4dcfb9f2c95b45ad01de |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2730-664X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Communications Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-ab8fca628e7f4dcfb9f2c95b45ad01de2025-08-20T02:28:42ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Medicine2730-664X2025-04-015111510.1038/s43856-025-00839-1Distinct immune responses in people living with HIV following SARS-CoV-2 recoveryDieter Mielke0Shuying Sue Li1Daniel J. Schuster2Xiaohong Li3Jiani Hu4Shelly Karuna5Kelly E. Seaton6Caroline Brackett7Brooke Dunn8Taylor Keyes9Adam Zalaquett10Sherry Stanfield-Oakley11Lu Zhang12Martina S. Wesley13Nathan Eisel14Nicole L. Yates15Xiaoying Shen16Lakshmanane Premkumar17Russell St. Germain18Anton M. Sholukh19Kristen Cohen20Stephen de Rosa21April Kaur Randhawa22John A. Hural23Lawrence Corey24M. Julianna McElrath25Georgia D. Tomaras26Ollivier Hyrien27Guido Ferrari28Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke UniversityVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke UniversityVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke UniversityCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke UniversityDepartment of Surgery, Duke UniversityDepartment of Surgery, Duke UniversityDepartment of Surgery, Duke UniversityDepartment of Surgery, Duke UniversityCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke UniversityCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke UniversityCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke UniversityCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke UniversityCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke UniversityDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North CarolinaVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke UniversityVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke UniversityAbstract Background SARS-CoV-2 infection results in greater disease severity among immunocompromised individuals compared to healthy individuals. However, there is conflicting information about the impact of chronic HIV infection on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Method We used a combination of machine learning approaches and network analysis to explore 56 immune markers and comprehensively profile humoral and cellular immunity in a cross-sectional observational cohort of people without HIV (PWOH; n = 216) and people living with HIV (PLWH; n = 43) who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection (13–131 days since SARS-COV-2 diagnosis) early in the pandemic. Results PLWH recovered from symptomatic outpatient COVID-19 exhibit lower humoral and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vs. PWOH but, surprisingly, both symptomatic outpatient and hospitalized PLWH have higher anti-endemic coronavirus antibody responses compared to PWOH counterparts and asymptomatic PLWH. The latter observation suggests that this was not strictly due to broadly elevated levels of anti-endemic coronavirus antibodies in PLWH. Moreover, correlation-based analysis reveals that while different compartments of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are positively correlated in PWOH recovered from symptomatic outpatient COVID-19, these correlations are weaker in PLWH. Conclusion Our analyses reveal significant differences in the coordinated immune responses elicited by infection in PLWH compared to PWOH.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00839-1 |
| spellingShingle | Dieter Mielke Shuying Sue Li Daniel J. Schuster Xiaohong Li Jiani Hu Shelly Karuna Kelly E. Seaton Caroline Brackett Brooke Dunn Taylor Keyes Adam Zalaquett Sherry Stanfield-Oakley Lu Zhang Martina S. Wesley Nathan Eisel Nicole L. Yates Xiaoying Shen Lakshmanane Premkumar Russell St. Germain Anton M. Sholukh Kristen Cohen Stephen de Rosa April Kaur Randhawa John A. Hural Lawrence Corey M. Julianna McElrath Georgia D. Tomaras Ollivier Hyrien Guido Ferrari Distinct immune responses in people living with HIV following SARS-CoV-2 recovery Communications Medicine |
| title | Distinct immune responses in people living with HIV following SARS-CoV-2 recovery |
| title_full | Distinct immune responses in people living with HIV following SARS-CoV-2 recovery |
| title_fullStr | Distinct immune responses in people living with HIV following SARS-CoV-2 recovery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distinct immune responses in people living with HIV following SARS-CoV-2 recovery |
| title_short | Distinct immune responses in people living with HIV following SARS-CoV-2 recovery |
| title_sort | distinct immune responses in people living with hiv following sars cov 2 recovery |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00839-1 |
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