Negative impact of oral exposure to polystyrene microplastics on glucose tolerance and intestinal environment in mice is independent of particle size

Abstract Background Surging plastic pollution poses health issues worldwide. As the production of plastics has been skyrocketing, the impact of microplastics (MPs) on ecosystems is no longer negligible. Our previous study revealed that oral administration of MPs to mice impaired glucose tolerance in...

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Main Authors: Yuto Saijo, Yuka Hasegawa, Takuro Okamura, Yuriko Ono, Takahiro Ichikawa, Naoko Nakanishi, Yutaro Tsuchimura, Tamaki Morioka, Shuhei Tanaka, Hirohisa Takano, Masahide Hamaguchi, Michiaki Fukui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Environmental Sciences Europe
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01158-x
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author Yuto Saijo
Yuka Hasegawa
Takuro Okamura
Yuriko Ono
Takahiro Ichikawa
Naoko Nakanishi
Yutaro Tsuchimura
Tamaki Morioka
Shuhei Tanaka
Hirohisa Takano
Masahide Hamaguchi
Michiaki Fukui
author_facet Yuto Saijo
Yuka Hasegawa
Takuro Okamura
Yuriko Ono
Takahiro Ichikawa
Naoko Nakanishi
Yutaro Tsuchimura
Tamaki Morioka
Shuhei Tanaka
Hirohisa Takano
Masahide Hamaguchi
Michiaki Fukui
author_sort Yuto Saijo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Surging plastic pollution poses health issues worldwide. As the production of plastics has been skyrocketing, the impact of microplastics (MPs) on ecosystems is no longer negligible. Our previous study revealed that oral administration of MPs to mice impaired glucose tolerance in the presence of leaky gut syndrome (LGS) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). This study aimed to elucidate the effect of particle size of MPs on toxicity, specifically against glucose metabolism, in HFD-fed mice. C57BL6/J mice were assigned to four groups: one fed a HFD alone, and three fed a HFD mixed with polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) of different particle sizes (0.5, 10, and 100 µm) for 6 weeks. The dose of PS-MPs administered was 10 mg/kg BW/day. We analyzed glucose tolerance, histological and immunochemical changes in the intestinal tract, gene expression in the small intestine, and gut microbiota. Results Regardless of particle size, PS-MPs compromised glucose tolerance in mice. Relative atrophy of the intestinal villi and an increased number of macrophages and natural killer cells were observed in mice administered with PS-MPs. The expression of genes related to glucose metabolism and inflammation in the murine jejunum was altered in mice administered PS-MPs. In HFD + PS-MP 10 µm mice, both composition and diversity of gut microbiota altered, and in HFD + PS-MP 0.5 and 100 µm mice, composition of gut microbiota changed. Conclusion Regardless of particle size, oral exposure to PS-MPs triggered impaired glucose tolerance, inflammation in the intestinal tract, and alterations in gene expression and gut microbiota. This study underscores the necessity of mitigating oral exposure to MPs regardless of particle size. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-ab89551e2ffb4c4d8df1d244239a08382025-08-20T03:04:30ZengSpringerOpenEnvironmental Sciences Europe2190-47152025-07-0137111610.1186/s12302-025-01158-xNegative impact of oral exposure to polystyrene microplastics on glucose tolerance and intestinal environment in mice is independent of particle sizeYuto Saijo0Yuka Hasegawa1Takuro Okamura2Yuriko Ono3Takahiro Ichikawa4Naoko Nakanishi5Yutaro Tsuchimura6Tamaki Morioka7Shuhei Tanaka8Hirohisa Takano9Masahide Hamaguchi10Michiaki Fukui11Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto UniversityGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto UniversityGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto UniversityInstitute for International Academic Research, Kyoto University of Advanced ScienceDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineAbstract Background Surging plastic pollution poses health issues worldwide. As the production of plastics has been skyrocketing, the impact of microplastics (MPs) on ecosystems is no longer negligible. Our previous study revealed that oral administration of MPs to mice impaired glucose tolerance in the presence of leaky gut syndrome (LGS) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). This study aimed to elucidate the effect of particle size of MPs on toxicity, specifically against glucose metabolism, in HFD-fed mice. C57BL6/J mice were assigned to four groups: one fed a HFD alone, and three fed a HFD mixed with polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) of different particle sizes (0.5, 10, and 100 µm) for 6 weeks. The dose of PS-MPs administered was 10 mg/kg BW/day. We analyzed glucose tolerance, histological and immunochemical changes in the intestinal tract, gene expression in the small intestine, and gut microbiota. Results Regardless of particle size, PS-MPs compromised glucose tolerance in mice. Relative atrophy of the intestinal villi and an increased number of macrophages and natural killer cells were observed in mice administered with PS-MPs. The expression of genes related to glucose metabolism and inflammation in the murine jejunum was altered in mice administered PS-MPs. In HFD + PS-MP 10 µm mice, both composition and diversity of gut microbiota altered, and in HFD + PS-MP 0.5 and 100 µm mice, composition of gut microbiota changed. Conclusion Regardless of particle size, oral exposure to PS-MPs triggered impaired glucose tolerance, inflammation in the intestinal tract, and alterations in gene expression and gut microbiota. This study underscores the necessity of mitigating oral exposure to MPs regardless of particle size. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01158-xPlastic pollutionMicroplasticsGlucose toleranceLeaky gut syndromeHigh-fat diet
spellingShingle Yuto Saijo
Yuka Hasegawa
Takuro Okamura
Yuriko Ono
Takahiro Ichikawa
Naoko Nakanishi
Yutaro Tsuchimura
Tamaki Morioka
Shuhei Tanaka
Hirohisa Takano
Masahide Hamaguchi
Michiaki Fukui
Negative impact of oral exposure to polystyrene microplastics on glucose tolerance and intestinal environment in mice is independent of particle size
Environmental Sciences Europe
Plastic pollution
Microplastics
Glucose tolerance
Leaky gut syndrome
High-fat diet
title Negative impact of oral exposure to polystyrene microplastics on glucose tolerance and intestinal environment in mice is independent of particle size
title_full Negative impact of oral exposure to polystyrene microplastics on glucose tolerance and intestinal environment in mice is independent of particle size
title_fullStr Negative impact of oral exposure to polystyrene microplastics on glucose tolerance and intestinal environment in mice is independent of particle size
title_full_unstemmed Negative impact of oral exposure to polystyrene microplastics on glucose tolerance and intestinal environment in mice is independent of particle size
title_short Negative impact of oral exposure to polystyrene microplastics on glucose tolerance and intestinal environment in mice is independent of particle size
title_sort negative impact of oral exposure to polystyrene microplastics on glucose tolerance and intestinal environment in mice is independent of particle size
topic Plastic pollution
Microplastics
Glucose tolerance
Leaky gut syndrome
High-fat diet
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01158-x
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