Decoding tinnitus progression: neurochemical shifts in the anterior cingulate cortex revealed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy

BackgroundTinnitus persists as a significant public health challenge with elusive neurochemical underpinnings. Emerging evidence implicates dysregulated excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmission in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a limbic-auditory hub governing tinnitus salience. This study inves...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mengfang Gong, Shuting Han, Yongcong Shen, Yonggang Li, Ji-Sheng Liu, Duo-Duo Tao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroscience
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1551106/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850231163584512000
author Mengfang Gong
Shuting Han
Yongcong Shen
Yonggang Li
Ji-Sheng Liu
Duo-Duo Tao
author_facet Mengfang Gong
Shuting Han
Yongcong Shen
Yonggang Li
Ji-Sheng Liu
Duo-Duo Tao
author_sort Mengfang Gong
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundTinnitus persists as a significant public health challenge with elusive neurochemical underpinnings. Emerging evidence implicates dysregulated excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmission in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a limbic-auditory hub governing tinnitus salience. This study investigates dynamic ACC neurochemical changes during tinnitus progression.MethodsUsing single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), GABA+/creatine (Cr) and Glx (glutamate+glutamine)/Cr ratios were measured in the ACC of 16 recent-onset (RO; <6 months), 22 chronic (CH; ≥6 months) tinnitus patients, and 26 healthy controls (HC). Tinnitus severity was assessed via tinnitometry and Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI).ResultsRO patients exhibited significantly reduced ACC GABA+/Cr compared to CH and HC groups (p < 0.05), while CH and HC showed no differences. GABA+/Cr positively correlated with tinnitus duration across patients (r = 0.364, p = 0.025). Although Glx/Cr did not differ between groups, elevated Glx/Cr associated with higher tinnitus pitch-matching frequencies (r = 0.421, p = 0.008) and emotional distress (TFI-E; r = 0.370, p = 0.022), though these findings did not survive multiple comparison correction.ConclusionEarly tinnitus is characterized by ACC GABAergic deficits, while chronicity features normalized GABA+/Cr levels—suggesting compensatory neuroplastic restoration of inhibition over time. Glutamatergic activity may modulate perceptual and emotional dimensions of tinnitus. These phase-specific ACC neurochemical shifts highlight potential therapeutic targets for arresting tinnitus progression. Longitudinal studies are warranted to validate temporal dynamics.
format Article
id doaj-art-ab876143a02640fc85a26d0f52d5316e
institution OA Journals
issn 1662-453X
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Neuroscience
spelling doaj-art-ab876143a02640fc85a26d0f52d5316e2025-08-20T02:03:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2025-02-011910.3389/fnins.2025.15511061551106Decoding tinnitus progression: neurochemical shifts in the anterior cingulate cortex revealed by magnetic resonance spectroscopyMengfang Gong0Shuting Han1Yongcong Shen2Yonggang Li3Ji-Sheng Liu4Duo-Duo Tao5Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Ear, Nose, and Throat, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Ear, Nose, and Throat, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Ear, Nose, and Throat, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaBackgroundTinnitus persists as a significant public health challenge with elusive neurochemical underpinnings. Emerging evidence implicates dysregulated excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmission in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a limbic-auditory hub governing tinnitus salience. This study investigates dynamic ACC neurochemical changes during tinnitus progression.MethodsUsing single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), GABA+/creatine (Cr) and Glx (glutamate+glutamine)/Cr ratios were measured in the ACC of 16 recent-onset (RO; <6 months), 22 chronic (CH; ≥6 months) tinnitus patients, and 26 healthy controls (HC). Tinnitus severity was assessed via tinnitometry and Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI).ResultsRO patients exhibited significantly reduced ACC GABA+/Cr compared to CH and HC groups (p < 0.05), while CH and HC showed no differences. GABA+/Cr positively correlated with tinnitus duration across patients (r = 0.364, p = 0.025). Although Glx/Cr did not differ between groups, elevated Glx/Cr associated with higher tinnitus pitch-matching frequencies (r = 0.421, p = 0.008) and emotional distress (TFI-E; r = 0.370, p = 0.022), though these findings did not survive multiple comparison correction.ConclusionEarly tinnitus is characterized by ACC GABAergic deficits, while chronicity features normalized GABA+/Cr levels—suggesting compensatory neuroplastic restoration of inhibition over time. Glutamatergic activity may modulate perceptual and emotional dimensions of tinnitus. These phase-specific ACC neurochemical shifts highlight potential therapeutic targets for arresting tinnitus progression. Longitudinal studies are warranted to validate temporal dynamics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1551106/fulltinnitusGABAanterior cingulate cortexrecent onsetchronic
spellingShingle Mengfang Gong
Shuting Han
Yongcong Shen
Yonggang Li
Ji-Sheng Liu
Duo-Duo Tao
Decoding tinnitus progression: neurochemical shifts in the anterior cingulate cortex revealed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Frontiers in Neuroscience
tinnitus
GABA
anterior cingulate cortex
recent onset
chronic
title Decoding tinnitus progression: neurochemical shifts in the anterior cingulate cortex revealed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
title_full Decoding tinnitus progression: neurochemical shifts in the anterior cingulate cortex revealed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
title_fullStr Decoding tinnitus progression: neurochemical shifts in the anterior cingulate cortex revealed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
title_full_unstemmed Decoding tinnitus progression: neurochemical shifts in the anterior cingulate cortex revealed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
title_short Decoding tinnitus progression: neurochemical shifts in the anterior cingulate cortex revealed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
title_sort decoding tinnitus progression neurochemical shifts in the anterior cingulate cortex revealed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
topic tinnitus
GABA
anterior cingulate cortex
recent onset
chronic
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1551106/full
work_keys_str_mv AT mengfanggong decodingtinnitusprogressionneurochemicalshiftsintheanteriorcingulatecortexrevealedbymagneticresonancespectroscopy
AT shutinghan decodingtinnitusprogressionneurochemicalshiftsintheanteriorcingulatecortexrevealedbymagneticresonancespectroscopy
AT yongcongshen decodingtinnitusprogressionneurochemicalshiftsintheanteriorcingulatecortexrevealedbymagneticresonancespectroscopy
AT yonggangli decodingtinnitusprogressionneurochemicalshiftsintheanteriorcingulatecortexrevealedbymagneticresonancespectroscopy
AT jishengliu decodingtinnitusprogressionneurochemicalshiftsintheanteriorcingulatecortexrevealedbymagneticresonancespectroscopy
AT duoduotao decodingtinnitusprogressionneurochemicalshiftsintheanteriorcingulatecortexrevealedbymagneticresonancespectroscopy