Pathological characteristics and clinical prognostic analysis of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a retrospective study of 43 cases

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of intravenous Leiomyomatosis (IVL), a rare yet recurrent disease.MethodsThis retrospective observational study enrolled 43 patients with pathologically confirmed IVL. Clinicopathological data were collected and reviewed. Un...

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Main Authors: Jiezhen Li, Haijian Huang, Xin Chen, Qiang Zeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1534933/full
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author Jiezhen Li
Haijian Huang
Xin Chen
Qiang Zeng
author_facet Jiezhen Li
Haijian Huang
Xin Chen
Qiang Zeng
author_sort Jiezhen Li
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of intravenous Leiomyomatosis (IVL), a rare yet recurrent disease.MethodsThis retrospective observational study enrolled 43 patients with pathologically confirmed IVL. Clinicopathological data were collected and reviewed. Univariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for IVL recurrence.ResultsClinical manifestations included increased menstrual flow (12/43), prolonged menstrual periods (18/43), pelvic mass (15/43), abdominal pain (8/43), or no symptoms (9/43). Histopathologically, tumor cells were predominantly located in the blood vessels of the uterine muscle wall and surrounding blood vessels. The tumor were composed of benign smooth muscle cells arranged in strips or bundles. Immunohistochemistry revealed that tumor cells were positive for SMA (43/43), Desmin (42/43), and Caldesmon (40/43). Incomplete resection of the lesions was identified as a risk factor for postoperative recurrence of IVL (P < 0.05). Age, menopause status, gravidity, parity, maximum diameter of IVL, uterine leiomyomas, involvement of uterine/extrauterine blood vessels, surgical methods, Ki-67 index, and mitotic figures were not associated with postoperative recurrence of IVL (P > 0.05).ConclusionIVL is a rare form of leiomyoma with potential for malignancy. Complete resection of the lesion should be performed whenever possible to improve patient prognosis.
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spelling doaj-art-ab7f4d7a5338414f85807dde32777bb92025-08-20T02:16:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-04-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15349331534933Pathological characteristics and clinical prognostic analysis of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a retrospective study of 43 casesJiezhen Li0Haijian Huang1Xin Chen2Qiang Zeng3Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of intravenous Leiomyomatosis (IVL), a rare yet recurrent disease.MethodsThis retrospective observational study enrolled 43 patients with pathologically confirmed IVL. Clinicopathological data were collected and reviewed. Univariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for IVL recurrence.ResultsClinical manifestations included increased menstrual flow (12/43), prolonged menstrual periods (18/43), pelvic mass (15/43), abdominal pain (8/43), or no symptoms (9/43). Histopathologically, tumor cells were predominantly located in the blood vessels of the uterine muscle wall and surrounding blood vessels. The tumor were composed of benign smooth muscle cells arranged in strips or bundles. Immunohistochemistry revealed that tumor cells were positive for SMA (43/43), Desmin (42/43), and Caldesmon (40/43). Incomplete resection of the lesions was identified as a risk factor for postoperative recurrence of IVL (P < 0.05). Age, menopause status, gravidity, parity, maximum diameter of IVL, uterine leiomyomas, involvement of uterine/extrauterine blood vessels, surgical methods, Ki-67 index, and mitotic figures were not associated with postoperative recurrence of IVL (P > 0.05).ConclusionIVL is a rare form of leiomyoma with potential for malignancy. Complete resection of the lesion should be performed whenever possible to improve patient prognosis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1534933/fullintravenous leiomyomatosiscervical tumorrecurrencehistopathologyimmunohistochemistry
spellingShingle Jiezhen Li
Haijian Huang
Xin Chen
Qiang Zeng
Pathological characteristics and clinical prognostic analysis of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a retrospective study of 43 cases
Frontiers in Medicine
intravenous leiomyomatosis
cervical tumor
recurrence
histopathology
immunohistochemistry
title Pathological characteristics and clinical prognostic analysis of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a retrospective study of 43 cases
title_full Pathological characteristics and clinical prognostic analysis of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a retrospective study of 43 cases
title_fullStr Pathological characteristics and clinical prognostic analysis of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a retrospective study of 43 cases
title_full_unstemmed Pathological characteristics and clinical prognostic analysis of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a retrospective study of 43 cases
title_short Pathological characteristics and clinical prognostic analysis of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a retrospective study of 43 cases
title_sort pathological characteristics and clinical prognostic analysis of intravenous leiomyomatosis a retrospective study of 43 cases
topic intravenous leiomyomatosis
cervical tumor
recurrence
histopathology
immunohistochemistry
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1534933/full
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AT xinchen pathologicalcharacteristicsandclinicalprognosticanalysisofintravenousleiomyomatosisaretrospectivestudyof43cases
AT qiangzeng pathologicalcharacteristicsandclinicalprognosticanalysisofintravenousleiomyomatosisaretrospectivestudyof43cases