Context specific challenges of the WHO infection prevention and control core components in the Faranah region: a mixed methods approach

Infection prevention and control (IPC) programs have been reported to reduce healthcare associated infections by up to 70%. These rates vary globally, with scare data suggesting that the highest prevalence occurs in the African region exceeding 50% in Guinea. The Infection Prevention and Control Ass...

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Main Authors: Anna Borodova, Amadou Aziz Diallo, Christine Timbo Songbono, Carlos Rocha, Ibrahima Nabé, Frederic Le Marcis, Mahamoud Sama Cherif, Sophie Alice Müller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1605425/full
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author Anna Borodova
Amadou Aziz Diallo
Christine Timbo Songbono
Carlos Rocha
Ibrahima Nabé
Frederic Le Marcis
Mahamoud Sama Cherif
Sophie Alice Müller
author_facet Anna Borodova
Amadou Aziz Diallo
Christine Timbo Songbono
Carlos Rocha
Ibrahima Nabé
Frederic Le Marcis
Mahamoud Sama Cherif
Sophie Alice Müller
author_sort Anna Borodova
collection DOAJ
description Infection prevention and control (IPC) programs have been reported to reduce healthcare associated infections by up to 70%. These rates vary globally, with scare data suggesting that the highest prevalence occurs in the African region exceeding 50% in Guinea. The Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework facilitates the evaluation of WHO guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programs. Using this framework, selected healthcare facilities in Faranah, Guinea were evaluated ahead of an implementation of a training of trainer’s program. Between May 2023 and March 2024, in a mixed method approach, the core components of 25 healthcare facilities were assessed in conjunction with an evaluation of 17 trainer’s knowledge and perception on hand hygiene through standardized tools. Findings were further triangulated through a deductive analysis consisting of participant observations and semi structured interviews. The overall median of the Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework score in the region was basic (242.5, IQR 172.5–342.5). Lowest scores were reported for IPC education, whereas IPC guidelines and healthcare associated infection surveillance received high scores. Rural healthcare centers had the lowest score (210.0, IQR 157.5–265.0), confirmed by qualitative assessment indicating a lack of allocated budget in these facilities in addition to generally observed patient and staff overload. Participant observation found that while healthcare associated infection surveillance scored highly and IPC guidelines were displayed on posters; their practical application was rare. This was triangulated with healthcare workers self-reporting hand hygiene compliance of up to 90% whereby demonstrating considerable gaps in knowledge of WHO hand hygiene standards. Our study provides detailed understanding of a resource limited setting and highlights the importance of continuous IPC training together with behavior changes and the improvement of healthcare associated infection surveillance. In settings where a majority reside in rural areas, appointed health centers must be paid special attention to as they may often be underserved. Finally, infrastructural challenges such as the allocation of budget, patient and staff overload need to be addressed in order to improve the health and safety of patients and healthcare workers.
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spelling doaj-art-ab7df7b6894a4ba08ce883469b9f8e722025-08-20T03:51:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-07-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.16054251605425Context specific challenges of the WHO infection prevention and control core components in the Faranah region: a mixed methods approachAnna Borodova0Amadou Aziz Diallo1Christine Timbo Songbono2Carlos Rocha3Ibrahima Nabé4Frederic Le Marcis5Mahamoud Sama Cherif6Sophie Alice Müller7Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, GermanyFaranah Regional Hospital, Faranah, GuineaCentre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Conakry, GuineaCentre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, GermanyFaranah Regional Hospital, Faranah, GuineaTransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, FranceDirection Regionale de la Santé de Faranah, Ministère de la santé et de l’hygiène publique, Faranah, GuineaCentre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, GermanyInfection prevention and control (IPC) programs have been reported to reduce healthcare associated infections by up to 70%. These rates vary globally, with scare data suggesting that the highest prevalence occurs in the African region exceeding 50% in Guinea. The Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework facilitates the evaluation of WHO guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programs. Using this framework, selected healthcare facilities in Faranah, Guinea were evaluated ahead of an implementation of a training of trainer’s program. Between May 2023 and March 2024, in a mixed method approach, the core components of 25 healthcare facilities were assessed in conjunction with an evaluation of 17 trainer’s knowledge and perception on hand hygiene through standardized tools. Findings were further triangulated through a deductive analysis consisting of participant observations and semi structured interviews. The overall median of the Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework score in the region was basic (242.5, IQR 172.5–342.5). Lowest scores were reported for IPC education, whereas IPC guidelines and healthcare associated infection surveillance received high scores. Rural healthcare centers had the lowest score (210.0, IQR 157.5–265.0), confirmed by qualitative assessment indicating a lack of allocated budget in these facilities in addition to generally observed patient and staff overload. Participant observation found that while healthcare associated infection surveillance scored highly and IPC guidelines were displayed on posters; their practical application was rare. This was triangulated with healthcare workers self-reporting hand hygiene compliance of up to 90% whereby demonstrating considerable gaps in knowledge of WHO hand hygiene standards. Our study provides detailed understanding of a resource limited setting and highlights the importance of continuous IPC training together with behavior changes and the improvement of healthcare associated infection surveillance. In settings where a majority reside in rural areas, appointed health centers must be paid special attention to as they may often be underserved. Finally, infrastructural challenges such as the allocation of budget, patient and staff overload need to be addressed in order to improve the health and safety of patients and healthcare workers.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1605425/fullIPCAFcore componenthand hygienemixed methodhealthcare workersGuinea
spellingShingle Anna Borodova
Amadou Aziz Diallo
Christine Timbo Songbono
Carlos Rocha
Ibrahima Nabé
Frederic Le Marcis
Mahamoud Sama Cherif
Sophie Alice Müller
Context specific challenges of the WHO infection prevention and control core components in the Faranah region: a mixed methods approach
Frontiers in Public Health
IPCAF
core component
hand hygiene
mixed method
healthcare workers
Guinea
title Context specific challenges of the WHO infection prevention and control core components in the Faranah region: a mixed methods approach
title_full Context specific challenges of the WHO infection prevention and control core components in the Faranah region: a mixed methods approach
title_fullStr Context specific challenges of the WHO infection prevention and control core components in the Faranah region: a mixed methods approach
title_full_unstemmed Context specific challenges of the WHO infection prevention and control core components in the Faranah region: a mixed methods approach
title_short Context specific challenges of the WHO infection prevention and control core components in the Faranah region: a mixed methods approach
title_sort context specific challenges of the who infection prevention and control core components in the faranah region a mixed methods approach
topic IPCAF
core component
hand hygiene
mixed method
healthcare workers
Guinea
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1605425/full
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