Expressivity attributed to music affects the smoothness of bowing movements in violinists

Abstract Playing music is a complex task that relies on the combination of musicians’ technical and expressive skills. While the literature has investigated the effects of musical expressivity on the listeners, the way how technical difficulty and emotional expressivity affect musicians during playi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nicola Di Stefano, Daniela Lo Presti, Luigi Raiano, Carlo Massaroni, Chiara Romano, Emiliano Schena, Marc Leman, Domenico Formica
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-09-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73593-4
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850062305468874752
author Nicola Di Stefano
Daniela Lo Presti
Luigi Raiano
Carlo Massaroni
Chiara Romano
Emiliano Schena
Marc Leman
Domenico Formica
author_facet Nicola Di Stefano
Daniela Lo Presti
Luigi Raiano
Carlo Massaroni
Chiara Romano
Emiliano Schena
Marc Leman
Domenico Formica
author_sort Nicola Di Stefano
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Playing music is a complex task that relies on the combination of musicians’ technical and expressive skills. While the literature has investigated the effects of musical expressivity on the listeners, the way how technical difficulty and emotional expressivity affect musicians during playing has surprisingly received no attention. In an attempt to fill this gap in the literature, we collected behavioral and physiological data from twelve violinists playing 29 pieces that included both technical exercises and excerpts from classical repertoire for violin. After playing each stimulus, participants rated it for emotional expressivity and technical difficulty. During the entire session, cardiac parameters and electrodermal activity were collected, together with the kinematic parameters of the bowing gesture. A set of Linear Mixed-Effect (LME) models suggested that emotional expressivity attributed to music affected the fluidity of bowing (i.e., smoothness), with the excerpts rated as more expressive being performed in a less smooth way. In contrast, LME models revealed no effects of expressivity and technical difficulty on any of the physiological parameters of violinists. Our results offer novel insights into the psychophysiological dynamics that link motor parameters with musical expressivity. These findings could influence educational practices in music and deepen our understanding of aesthetic emotions.
format Article
id doaj-art-ab779d791b1440e7b056efa0c9eeaa61
institution DOAJ
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2024-09-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-ab779d791b1440e7b056efa0c9eeaa612025-08-20T02:49:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-09-0114111110.1038/s41598-024-73593-4Expressivity attributed to music affects the smoothness of bowing movements in violinistsNicola Di Stefano0Daniela Lo Presti1Luigi Raiano2Carlo Massaroni3Chiara Romano4Emiliano Schena5Marc Leman6Domenico Formica7Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Dept. of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM)Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Dept. of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM)Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Dept. of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM)Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Dept. of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM)Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Dept. of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM)Institute for Systematic Musicology (IPEM), Ghent UniversitySchool of Engineering, Newcastle UniversityAbstract Playing music is a complex task that relies on the combination of musicians’ technical and expressive skills. While the literature has investigated the effects of musical expressivity on the listeners, the way how technical difficulty and emotional expressivity affect musicians during playing has surprisingly received no attention. In an attempt to fill this gap in the literature, we collected behavioral and physiological data from twelve violinists playing 29 pieces that included both technical exercises and excerpts from classical repertoire for violin. After playing each stimulus, participants rated it for emotional expressivity and technical difficulty. During the entire session, cardiac parameters and electrodermal activity were collected, together with the kinematic parameters of the bowing gesture. A set of Linear Mixed-Effect (LME) models suggested that emotional expressivity attributed to music affected the fluidity of bowing (i.e., smoothness), with the excerpts rated as more expressive being performed in a less smooth way. In contrast, LME models revealed no effects of expressivity and technical difficulty on any of the physiological parameters of violinists. Our results offer novel insights into the psychophysiological dynamics that link motor parameters with musical expressivity. These findings could influence educational practices in music and deepen our understanding of aesthetic emotions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73593-4
spellingShingle Nicola Di Stefano
Daniela Lo Presti
Luigi Raiano
Carlo Massaroni
Chiara Romano
Emiliano Schena
Marc Leman
Domenico Formica
Expressivity attributed to music affects the smoothness of bowing movements in violinists
Scientific Reports
title Expressivity attributed to music affects the smoothness of bowing movements in violinists
title_full Expressivity attributed to music affects the smoothness of bowing movements in violinists
title_fullStr Expressivity attributed to music affects the smoothness of bowing movements in violinists
title_full_unstemmed Expressivity attributed to music affects the smoothness of bowing movements in violinists
title_short Expressivity attributed to music affects the smoothness of bowing movements in violinists
title_sort expressivity attributed to music affects the smoothness of bowing movements in violinists
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73593-4
work_keys_str_mv AT nicoladistefano expressivityattributedtomusicaffectsthesmoothnessofbowingmovementsinviolinists
AT danielalopresti expressivityattributedtomusicaffectsthesmoothnessofbowingmovementsinviolinists
AT luigiraiano expressivityattributedtomusicaffectsthesmoothnessofbowingmovementsinviolinists
AT carlomassaroni expressivityattributedtomusicaffectsthesmoothnessofbowingmovementsinviolinists
AT chiararomano expressivityattributedtomusicaffectsthesmoothnessofbowingmovementsinviolinists
AT emilianoschena expressivityattributedtomusicaffectsthesmoothnessofbowingmovementsinviolinists
AT marcleman expressivityattributedtomusicaffectsthesmoothnessofbowingmovementsinviolinists
AT domenicoformica expressivityattributedtomusicaffectsthesmoothnessofbowingmovementsinviolinists