Standardized Measurement of Muscle Strength and Physical Performance for Sarcopenia: An Expert-Based Delphi Consensus
Background Despite updated sarcopenia guidelines, inconsistent protocols still cause clinical confusion and may compromise diagnostic and outcome accuracy. This Delphi study aimed to establish expert consensus to support the standardization of muscle strength and physical performance assessments for...
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Korea Geriatrics Society
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.e-agmr.org/upload/pdf/agmr-25-0070.pdf |
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| author | Seung-Kyu Lim Jaewon Beom Sang Yoon Lee Kyunghoon Min Seong-Eun Byun Yonghan Cha Jun Hwan Choi Jung-Yeon Choi Jae-Young Han Hak-Chul Jang Hee-Won Jung Kwang-Il Kim Younji Kim Young-Sang Kim Jong Hwa Lee Jong In Lee Seung Yeol Lee Kil-Byung Lim Bumjo Oh Sae-Jong Park Ga Yang Shim Wook Song Chang Won Won Jun-Il Yoo Seung Don Yoo Jae-Young Lim |
| author_facet | Seung-Kyu Lim Jaewon Beom Sang Yoon Lee Kyunghoon Min Seong-Eun Byun Yonghan Cha Jun Hwan Choi Jung-Yeon Choi Jae-Young Han Hak-Chul Jang Hee-Won Jung Kwang-Il Kim Younji Kim Young-Sang Kim Jong Hwa Lee Jong In Lee Seung Yeol Lee Kil-Byung Lim Bumjo Oh Sae-Jong Park Ga Yang Shim Wook Song Chang Won Won Jun-Il Yoo Seung Don Yoo Jae-Young Lim |
| author_sort | Seung-Kyu Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Despite updated sarcopenia guidelines, inconsistent protocols still cause clinical confusion and may compromise diagnostic and outcome accuracy. This Delphi study aimed to establish expert consensus to support the standardization of muscle strength and physical performance assessments for sarcopenia. Methods A two-round modified Delphi study was conducted with 26 experts in geriatrics and sarcopenia. Participants completed two rounds of anonymous questionnaires evaluating 39 items across seven domains using a nine-point Likert scale or choice-based questions. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement. Results In total, 27 of 38 statements (71.1%) reached consensus across two rounds Experts supported further standardization of assessments in alignment with the Asian and Korean Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS and KWGS) guidelines. For handgrip strength, consensus was achieved on using both mechanical and hydraulic dynamometers, hydraulic protocols, value selection, measurement time, and positioning, but not on mechanical protocols, repetitions, recovery intervals, repetitions, or unified cutoff values. For calf circumference, consensus was reached on measurement position, method, and value selection, but not on guideline application. In gait speed assessment, agreement was reached on speed, repetitions, assistive device use, and equipment type, but not on value selection, distance, acceleration/deceleration phases, or device interchangeability. For the 400-m walk test, the KWGS guideline and speed were endorsed. Chair stand test (CST) and Timed up-and-go (TUG) test reached consensus on armrest use, value selection, and repetitions, but not on seat height, (CST), or speed (TUG). Conclusion This study highlights areas of agreement and ongoing uncertainty, supporting future standardization efforts sarcopenia assessment methods. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab752b491c6b4538aeefce002a6c4cd3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2508-4798 2508-4909 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Korea Geriatrics Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-ab752b491c6b4538aeefce002a6c4cd32025-08-20T03:28:29ZengKorea Geriatrics SocietyAnnals of Geriatric Medicine and Research2508-47982508-49092025-06-0129218519810.4235/agmr.25.00701203Standardized Measurement of Muscle Strength and Physical Performance for Sarcopenia: An Expert-Based Delphi ConsensusSeung-Kyu Lim0Jaewon Beom1Sang Yoon Lee2Kyunghoon Min3Seong-Eun Byun4Yonghan Cha5Jun Hwan Choi6Jung-Yeon Choi7Jae-Young Han8Hak-Chul Jang9Hee-Won Jung10Kwang-Il Kim11Younji Kim12Young-Sang Kim13Jong Hwa Lee14Jong In Lee15Seung Yeol Lee16Kil-Byung Lim17Bumjo Oh18Sae-Jong Park19Ga Yang Shim20Wook Song21Chang Won Won22Jun-Il Yoo23Seung Don Yoo24Jae-Young Lim25 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Regional Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ewha Woman's University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Woman's University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea Department of Family Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaBackground Despite updated sarcopenia guidelines, inconsistent protocols still cause clinical confusion and may compromise diagnostic and outcome accuracy. This Delphi study aimed to establish expert consensus to support the standardization of muscle strength and physical performance assessments for sarcopenia. Methods A two-round modified Delphi study was conducted with 26 experts in geriatrics and sarcopenia. Participants completed two rounds of anonymous questionnaires evaluating 39 items across seven domains using a nine-point Likert scale or choice-based questions. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement. Results In total, 27 of 38 statements (71.1%) reached consensus across two rounds Experts supported further standardization of assessments in alignment with the Asian and Korean Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS and KWGS) guidelines. For handgrip strength, consensus was achieved on using both mechanical and hydraulic dynamometers, hydraulic protocols, value selection, measurement time, and positioning, but not on mechanical protocols, repetitions, recovery intervals, repetitions, or unified cutoff values. For calf circumference, consensus was reached on measurement position, method, and value selection, but not on guideline application. In gait speed assessment, agreement was reached on speed, repetitions, assistive device use, and equipment type, but not on value selection, distance, acceleration/deceleration phases, or device interchangeability. For the 400-m walk test, the KWGS guideline and speed were endorsed. Chair stand test (CST) and Timed up-and-go (TUG) test reached consensus on armrest use, value selection, and repetitions, but not on seat height, (CST), or speed (TUG). Conclusion This study highlights areas of agreement and ongoing uncertainty, supporting future standardization efforts sarcopenia assessment methods.http://www.e-agmr.org/upload/pdf/agmr-25-0070.pdfagedsarcopeniamuscle strengthphysical functional performancedelphi technique |
| spellingShingle | Seung-Kyu Lim Jaewon Beom Sang Yoon Lee Kyunghoon Min Seong-Eun Byun Yonghan Cha Jun Hwan Choi Jung-Yeon Choi Jae-Young Han Hak-Chul Jang Hee-Won Jung Kwang-Il Kim Younji Kim Young-Sang Kim Jong Hwa Lee Jong In Lee Seung Yeol Lee Kil-Byung Lim Bumjo Oh Sae-Jong Park Ga Yang Shim Wook Song Chang Won Won Jun-Il Yoo Seung Don Yoo Jae-Young Lim Standardized Measurement of Muscle Strength and Physical Performance for Sarcopenia: An Expert-Based Delphi Consensus Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research aged sarcopenia muscle strength physical functional performance delphi technique |
| title | Standardized Measurement of Muscle Strength and Physical Performance for Sarcopenia: An Expert-Based Delphi Consensus |
| title_full | Standardized Measurement of Muscle Strength and Physical Performance for Sarcopenia: An Expert-Based Delphi Consensus |
| title_fullStr | Standardized Measurement of Muscle Strength and Physical Performance for Sarcopenia: An Expert-Based Delphi Consensus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Standardized Measurement of Muscle Strength and Physical Performance for Sarcopenia: An Expert-Based Delphi Consensus |
| title_short | Standardized Measurement of Muscle Strength and Physical Performance for Sarcopenia: An Expert-Based Delphi Consensus |
| title_sort | standardized measurement of muscle strength and physical performance for sarcopenia an expert based delphi consensus |
| topic | aged sarcopenia muscle strength physical functional performance delphi technique |
| url | http://www.e-agmr.org/upload/pdf/agmr-25-0070.pdf |
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