Unravelling the Sequence and Timing of Fault-Related Deformation in Superimposed Rift Basins, Inner Moray Firth, NE Scotland

Devonian rocks of the Palaeozoic Orcadian Basin are well exposed along the northern flanks of the younger Mesozoic to Cenozoic Inner Moray Firth Basin in Scotland. These rocks preserve a succession of structures related to superimposed rifting and inversion events spanning nearly 400 Myrs. We combin...

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Main Authors: Alexandra Tamas, Robert E. Holdsworth, Dan M. Tamas, Edward D. Dempsey, Kit Hardman, Anna Bird, John R. Underhill, Dave McCarthy, Ken J. W. McCaffrey, David Selby
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: GeoScienceWorld 2025-04-01
Series:Lithosphere
Online Access:https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/lithosphere/article-pdf/doi/10.2113/2024/lithosphere_2024_183/653733/lithosphere_2024_183.pdf
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author Alexandra Tamas
Robert E. Holdsworth
Dan M. Tamas
Edward D. Dempsey
Kit Hardman
Anna Bird
John R. Underhill
Dave McCarthy
Ken J. W. McCaffrey
David Selby
author_facet Alexandra Tamas
Robert E. Holdsworth
Dan M. Tamas
Edward D. Dempsey
Kit Hardman
Anna Bird
John R. Underhill
Dave McCarthy
Ken J. W. McCaffrey
David Selby
author_sort Alexandra Tamas
collection DOAJ
description Devonian rocks of the Palaeozoic Orcadian Basin are well exposed along the northern flanks of the younger Mesozoic to Cenozoic Inner Moray Firth Basin in Scotland. These rocks preserve a succession of structures related to superimposed rifting and inversion events spanning nearly 400 Myrs. We combine new detailed field observations augmented by drone photography and the creation of 3D digital outcrops, coupled with U-Pb geochronology of syn-faulting calcite-mineralized veins to better constrain the absolute timing of fault movements and decipher the kinematic history of basin opening and inversion.Using this approach, we were able to isolate characteristic structures, fault kinematics, fault rock development and associated mineralization types related to five regional deformation events: (1) Devonian transtensional rifting associated to sinistral Great Glan Fault movements leading to the development of the Orcadian Basin; (2) Late Carboniferous inversion related to dextral Great Glen Fault reactivation; (3) minor N-S, possibly Permian calcite veins; (4) Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rifting related to the development of the IMFB; and finally, (5) Cenozoic uplift, reactivation, and local inversion. Our study demonstrates the utility of microstructurally constrained U-Pb geochronology of fault-related calcite mineralization. Applied elsewhere, our methodology has the potential to give consistent and regionally significant new insights into the nature and timing of superimposed rift-related deformation processes worldwide.
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spelling doaj-art-ab6add474ab947daa043b977d19fecda2025-08-20T02:34:03ZengGeoScienceWorldLithosphere1941-82641947-42532025-04-012024Special 1510.2113/2024/lithosphere_2024_183Unravelling the Sequence and Timing of Fault-Related Deformation in Superimposed Rift Basins, Inner Moray Firth, NE ScotlandAlexandra Tamas0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8010-1853Robert E. Holdsworth1Dan M. Tamas2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-8928Edward D. Dempsey3Kit Hardman4Anna Bird5John R. Underhill6Dave McCarthy7Ken J. W. McCaffrey8David Selby9Department of Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400084, RomaniaDepartment of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United KingdomDepartment of Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400084, RomaniaDepartment of Geology, Hull University, Hull, HU6 7RX, United KingdomDepartment of Geology, Hull University, Hull, HU6 7RX, United KingdomDepartment of Geology, Hull University, Hull, HU6 7RX, United KingdomSchool of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, United KingdomDecarbonisation and Resource Management, British Geological Survey, Edinburgh, EH28 8AA, United KingdomDepartment of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United KingdomDepartment of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United KingdomDevonian rocks of the Palaeozoic Orcadian Basin are well exposed along the northern flanks of the younger Mesozoic to Cenozoic Inner Moray Firth Basin in Scotland. These rocks preserve a succession of structures related to superimposed rifting and inversion events spanning nearly 400 Myrs. We combine new detailed field observations augmented by drone photography and the creation of 3D digital outcrops, coupled with U-Pb geochronology of syn-faulting calcite-mineralized veins to better constrain the absolute timing of fault movements and decipher the kinematic history of basin opening and inversion.Using this approach, we were able to isolate characteristic structures, fault kinematics, fault rock development and associated mineralization types related to five regional deformation events: (1) Devonian transtensional rifting associated to sinistral Great Glan Fault movements leading to the development of the Orcadian Basin; (2) Late Carboniferous inversion related to dextral Great Glen Fault reactivation; (3) minor N-S, possibly Permian calcite veins; (4) Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rifting related to the development of the IMFB; and finally, (5) Cenozoic uplift, reactivation, and local inversion. Our study demonstrates the utility of microstructurally constrained U-Pb geochronology of fault-related calcite mineralization. Applied elsewhere, our methodology has the potential to give consistent and regionally significant new insights into the nature and timing of superimposed rift-related deformation processes worldwide.https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/lithosphere/article-pdf/doi/10.2113/2024/lithosphere_2024_183/653733/lithosphere_2024_183.pdf
spellingShingle Alexandra Tamas
Robert E. Holdsworth
Dan M. Tamas
Edward D. Dempsey
Kit Hardman
Anna Bird
John R. Underhill
Dave McCarthy
Ken J. W. McCaffrey
David Selby
Unravelling the Sequence and Timing of Fault-Related Deformation in Superimposed Rift Basins, Inner Moray Firth, NE Scotland
Lithosphere
title Unravelling the Sequence and Timing of Fault-Related Deformation in Superimposed Rift Basins, Inner Moray Firth, NE Scotland
title_full Unravelling the Sequence and Timing of Fault-Related Deformation in Superimposed Rift Basins, Inner Moray Firth, NE Scotland
title_fullStr Unravelling the Sequence and Timing of Fault-Related Deformation in Superimposed Rift Basins, Inner Moray Firth, NE Scotland
title_full_unstemmed Unravelling the Sequence and Timing of Fault-Related Deformation in Superimposed Rift Basins, Inner Moray Firth, NE Scotland
title_short Unravelling the Sequence and Timing of Fault-Related Deformation in Superimposed Rift Basins, Inner Moray Firth, NE Scotland
title_sort unravelling the sequence and timing of fault related deformation in superimposed rift basins inner moray firth ne scotland
url https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/lithosphere/article-pdf/doi/10.2113/2024/lithosphere_2024_183/653733/lithosphere_2024_183.pdf
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