Microtubule flexibility, microtubule-based nucleation and ROP pattern co-alignment enhance protoxylem microtubule patterning
The development of the water transporting xylem tissue in plants involves an intricate interplay of Rho-of-Plants (ROP) proteins and cortical microtubules to generate highly functional secondary cell wall patterns, such as the ringed or spiral patterns in early-developing protoxylem. We study the re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Quantitative Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2632882824000171/type/journal_article |
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| author | Bas Jacobs Marco Saltini Jaap Molenaar Laura Filion Eva E. Deinum |
| author_facet | Bas Jacobs Marco Saltini Jaap Molenaar Laura Filion Eva E. Deinum |
| author_sort | Bas Jacobs |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of the water transporting xylem tissue in plants involves an intricate interplay of Rho-of-Plants (ROP) proteins and cortical microtubules to generate highly functional secondary cell wall patterns, such as the ringed or spiral patterns in early-developing protoxylem. We study the requirements of protoxylem microtubule band formation with simulations in CorticalSim, extended to include finite microtubule persistence length and a novel algorithm for microtubule-based nucleation. We find that microtubule flexibility facilitates pattern formation for all realistic degrees of mismatch between array and pattern orientation. At the same time, flexibility leads to more density loss, both from collisions and the microtubule-hostile gap regions, making it harder to maintain microtubule bands. Microtubule-dependent nucleation helps to counteract this effect by gradually shifting nucleation from the gap regions to the bands as microtubules disappear from the gaps. Our results reveal mechanisms that can result in robust protoxylem band formation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab6824ce8661427e845cb7bb856c6c70 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2632-8828 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Quantitative Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ab6824ce8661427e845cb7bb856c6c702025-01-27T11:46:38ZengCambridge University PressQuantitative Plant Biology2632-88282025-01-01610.1017/qpb.2024.17Microtubule flexibility, microtubule-based nucleation and ROP pattern co-alignment enhance protoxylem microtubule patterningBas Jacobs0Marco Saltini1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5425-9101Jaap Molenaar2Laura Filion3Eva E. Deinum4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8564-200XMathematical and Statistical Methods (Biometris), Plant Science Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The NetherlandsMathematical and Statistical Methods (Biometris), Plant Science Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The NetherlandsMathematical and Statistical Methods (Biometris), Plant Science Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The NetherlandsSoft Condensed Matter and Biophysics Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CC, The NetherlandsMathematical and Statistical Methods (Biometris), Plant Science Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The NetherlandsThe development of the water transporting xylem tissue in plants involves an intricate interplay of Rho-of-Plants (ROP) proteins and cortical microtubules to generate highly functional secondary cell wall patterns, such as the ringed or spiral patterns in early-developing protoxylem. We study the requirements of protoxylem microtubule band formation with simulations in CorticalSim, extended to include finite microtubule persistence length and a novel algorithm for microtubule-based nucleation. We find that microtubule flexibility facilitates pattern formation for all realistic degrees of mismatch between array and pattern orientation. At the same time, flexibility leads to more density loss, both from collisions and the microtubule-hostile gap regions, making it harder to maintain microtubule bands. Microtubule-dependent nucleation helps to counteract this effect by gradually shifting nucleation from the gap regions to the bands as microtubules disappear from the gaps. Our results reveal mechanisms that can result in robust protoxylem band formation.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2632882824000171/type/journal_articlemicrotubule nucleationmicrotubule persistence lengthplant cortical microtubulesprotoxylemstochastic simulation |
| spellingShingle | Bas Jacobs Marco Saltini Jaap Molenaar Laura Filion Eva E. Deinum Microtubule flexibility, microtubule-based nucleation and ROP pattern co-alignment enhance protoxylem microtubule patterning Quantitative Plant Biology microtubule nucleation microtubule persistence length plant cortical microtubules protoxylem stochastic simulation |
| title | Microtubule flexibility, microtubule-based nucleation and ROP pattern co-alignment enhance protoxylem microtubule patterning |
| title_full | Microtubule flexibility, microtubule-based nucleation and ROP pattern co-alignment enhance protoxylem microtubule patterning |
| title_fullStr | Microtubule flexibility, microtubule-based nucleation and ROP pattern co-alignment enhance protoxylem microtubule patterning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microtubule flexibility, microtubule-based nucleation and ROP pattern co-alignment enhance protoxylem microtubule patterning |
| title_short | Microtubule flexibility, microtubule-based nucleation and ROP pattern co-alignment enhance protoxylem microtubule patterning |
| title_sort | microtubule flexibility microtubule based nucleation and rop pattern co alignment enhance protoxylem microtubule patterning |
| topic | microtubule nucleation microtubule persistence length plant cortical microtubules protoxylem stochastic simulation |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2632882824000171/type/journal_article |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT basjacobs microtubuleflexibilitymicrotubulebasednucleationandroppatterncoalignmentenhanceprotoxylemmicrotubulepatterning AT marcosaltini microtubuleflexibilitymicrotubulebasednucleationandroppatterncoalignmentenhanceprotoxylemmicrotubulepatterning AT jaapmolenaar microtubuleflexibilitymicrotubulebasednucleationandroppatterncoalignmentenhanceprotoxylemmicrotubulepatterning AT laurafilion microtubuleflexibilitymicrotubulebasednucleationandroppatterncoalignmentenhanceprotoxylemmicrotubulepatterning AT evaedeinum microtubuleflexibilitymicrotubulebasednucleationandroppatterncoalignmentenhanceprotoxylemmicrotubulepatterning |