Experimental and numerical simulation of carbonation-induced corrosion in reinforced concretes

Despite the extensive research on carbonation-induced corrosion (CIC), there is still no consensus on the carbonation front location and the reinforcement corrosion onset. In addition, a reliable diffusion-reaction numerical simulation for quantitative prediction of carbonation depth seems to be lac...

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Main Authors: Rasoul Banar, Faramarz Moodi, Ali Akbar Ramezanianpour, Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour, Pooria Dashti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Case Studies in Construction Materials
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525002621
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author Rasoul Banar
Faramarz Moodi
Ali Akbar Ramezanianpour
Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour
Pooria Dashti
author_facet Rasoul Banar
Faramarz Moodi
Ali Akbar Ramezanianpour
Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour
Pooria Dashti
author_sort Rasoul Banar
collection DOAJ
description Despite the extensive research on carbonation-induced corrosion (CIC), there is still no consensus on the carbonation front location and the reinforcement corrosion onset. In addition, a reliable diffusion-reaction numerical simulation for quantitative prediction of carbonation depth seems to be lacking. In this study, normal and pozzolanic concretes, both with and without reinforcing, were exposed to 5 % CO2, 30 ℃, and 65 % RH for up to 12 months. A novel finite element method-based model was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software and validated by carbonation depth results of experimental data. Regarding half-cell potential results, consideration of the criterion of significant potential drop instead of the threshold values specified in ASTM C876 allows for determining the onset time of CIC. Among the surveyed approaches for corrosion onset, considering the critical carbonation depth led to a conservative prediction with an average error of about 41 %. However, the presented theoretical models provided a more reliable prediction with an average error of 18 %. By increasing the concrete cover thickness on the reinforcement bars from 1.5 to 2.5 cm, the average initiation time of CIC increased by approximately three times. The section loss rate of reinforcements in 8 % SF and 20 % GGBFS mixtures increased by about 49 % and 86 %, respectively, compared to the control mixture without SCMs.
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spelling doaj-art-ab66f2f5bcbd485fb0c18e6161cac8622025-08-20T02:47:27ZengElsevierCase Studies in Construction Materials2214-50952025-07-0122e0446410.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04464Experimental and numerical simulation of carbonation-induced corrosion in reinforced concretesRasoul Banar0Faramarz Moodi1Ali Akbar Ramezanianpour2Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour3Pooria Dashti4Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranSchool of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranDespite the extensive research on carbonation-induced corrosion (CIC), there is still no consensus on the carbonation front location and the reinforcement corrosion onset. In addition, a reliable diffusion-reaction numerical simulation for quantitative prediction of carbonation depth seems to be lacking. In this study, normal and pozzolanic concretes, both with and without reinforcing, were exposed to 5 % CO2, 30 ℃, and 65 % RH for up to 12 months. A novel finite element method-based model was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software and validated by carbonation depth results of experimental data. Regarding half-cell potential results, consideration of the criterion of significant potential drop instead of the threshold values specified in ASTM C876 allows for determining the onset time of CIC. Among the surveyed approaches for corrosion onset, considering the critical carbonation depth led to a conservative prediction with an average error of about 41 %. However, the presented theoretical models provided a more reliable prediction with an average error of 18 %. By increasing the concrete cover thickness on the reinforcement bars from 1.5 to 2.5 cm, the average initiation time of CIC increased by approximately three times. The section loss rate of reinforcements in 8 % SF and 20 % GGBFS mixtures increased by about 49 % and 86 %, respectively, compared to the control mixture without SCMs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525002621Carbonation depthHalf-cell potentialCorrosion onsetComsol MultiphysicsFinite element methodReinforced concrete
spellingShingle Rasoul Banar
Faramarz Moodi
Ali Akbar Ramezanianpour
Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour
Pooria Dashti
Experimental and numerical simulation of carbonation-induced corrosion in reinforced concretes
Case Studies in Construction Materials
Carbonation depth
Half-cell potential
Corrosion onset
Comsol Multiphysics
Finite element method
Reinforced concrete
title Experimental and numerical simulation of carbonation-induced corrosion in reinforced concretes
title_full Experimental and numerical simulation of carbonation-induced corrosion in reinforced concretes
title_fullStr Experimental and numerical simulation of carbonation-induced corrosion in reinforced concretes
title_full_unstemmed Experimental and numerical simulation of carbonation-induced corrosion in reinforced concretes
title_short Experimental and numerical simulation of carbonation-induced corrosion in reinforced concretes
title_sort experimental and numerical simulation of carbonation induced corrosion in reinforced concretes
topic Carbonation depth
Half-cell potential
Corrosion onset
Comsol Multiphysics
Finite element method
Reinforced concrete
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525002621
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AT faramarzmoodi experimentalandnumericalsimulationofcarbonationinducedcorrosioninreinforcedconcretes
AT aliakbarramezanianpour experimentalandnumericalsimulationofcarbonationinducedcorrosioninreinforcedconcretes
AT amirmohammadramezanianpour experimentalandnumericalsimulationofcarbonationinducedcorrosioninreinforcedconcretes
AT pooriadashti experimentalandnumericalsimulationofcarbonationinducedcorrosioninreinforcedconcretes