Revisiting the Proliferated Seed Cones in Larix kaempferi Reveals a Growth Arrest Plasticity
ABSTRACT In angiosperms, such as Arabidopsis, silique removal can reverse developmental arrest and reactivate inflorescence meristems, illustrating that post‐fertilization growth cessation is a plastic process rather than terminal differentiation. However, it remains unclear whether a similar growth...
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Wiley
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Plant Direct |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70089 |
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| author | Zha‐Long Ye Tang‐Quan Liao Yue Wang Sheng‐Ying Sun Shu‐Nong Bai Xiao‐Mei Sun Wanfeng Li |
| author_facet | Zha‐Long Ye Tang‐Quan Liao Yue Wang Sheng‐Ying Sun Shu‐Nong Bai Xiao‐Mei Sun Wanfeng Li |
| author_sort | Zha‐Long Ye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT In angiosperms, such as Arabidopsis, silique removal can reverse developmental arrest and reactivate inflorescence meristems, illustrating that post‐fertilization growth cessation is a plastic process rather than terminal differentiation. However, it remains unclear whether a similar growth arrest plasticity occurs in conifers, where mature seed cones typically undergo terminal differentiation as determinate structures. In this study, we analyzed the proliferated seed cones of Larix kaempferi, which exhibited vegetative shoots sprouting from their central axes. We collected and examined both the proliferated and normal seed cones from a second‐generation seed orchard. The proliferated seed cones were longer, produced more seeds, had a smaller seed scale spacing, and displayed enhanced secondary growth compared to normal seed cones. Our analysis suggested that the proliferated seed cones underwent a transition from reproductive to vegetative growth after seed production, indicating that proliferative arrest in these cones can be disrupted. Based on structural and developmental comparisons with Arabidopsis thaliana, the proliferated seed cones exhibit unexpected plasticity: their growth arrest is reversible rather than terminal, similar to silique‐removal‐induced meristem reactivation in Arabidopsis. This suggests that conifer cones retain the ability for delayed differentiation, not only offering new insights into conifer development but also a potential conifer model for studying reproductive‐to‐vegetative phase transition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab5e9e1eb7724bac823fbf21b244e126 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2475-4455 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plant Direct |
| spelling | doaj-art-ab5e9e1eb7724bac823fbf21b244e1262025-08-20T02:46:27ZengWileyPlant Direct2475-44552025-07-0197n/an/a10.1002/pld3.70089Revisiting the Proliferated Seed Cones in Larix kaempferi Reveals a Growth Arrest PlasticityZha‐Long Ye0Tang‐Quan Liao1Yue Wang2Sheng‐Ying Sun3Shu‐Nong Bai4Xiao‐Mei Sun5Wanfeng Li6State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing People's Republic of ChinaState‐Owned Dagujia Forestry Farm in Qingyuan Man Autonomous County Liaoning People's Republic of ChinaState‐Owned Dagujia Forestry Farm in Qingyuan Man Autonomous County Liaoning People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Life Science, Peking University Beijing People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing People's Republic of ChinaABSTRACT In angiosperms, such as Arabidopsis, silique removal can reverse developmental arrest and reactivate inflorescence meristems, illustrating that post‐fertilization growth cessation is a plastic process rather than terminal differentiation. However, it remains unclear whether a similar growth arrest plasticity occurs in conifers, where mature seed cones typically undergo terminal differentiation as determinate structures. In this study, we analyzed the proliferated seed cones of Larix kaempferi, which exhibited vegetative shoots sprouting from their central axes. We collected and examined both the proliferated and normal seed cones from a second‐generation seed orchard. The proliferated seed cones were longer, produced more seeds, had a smaller seed scale spacing, and displayed enhanced secondary growth compared to normal seed cones. Our analysis suggested that the proliferated seed cones underwent a transition from reproductive to vegetative growth after seed production, indicating that proliferative arrest in these cones can be disrupted. Based on structural and developmental comparisons with Arabidopsis thaliana, the proliferated seed cones exhibit unexpected plasticity: their growth arrest is reversible rather than terminal, similar to silique‐removal‐induced meristem reactivation in Arabidopsis. This suggests that conifer cones retain the ability for delayed differentiation, not only offering new insights into conifer development but also a potential conifer model for studying reproductive‐to‐vegetative phase transition.https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70089coniferdevelopmental plasticitydevelopmental unitlarchproliferative arrestshort shoot |
| spellingShingle | Zha‐Long Ye Tang‐Quan Liao Yue Wang Sheng‐Ying Sun Shu‐Nong Bai Xiao‐Mei Sun Wanfeng Li Revisiting the Proliferated Seed Cones in Larix kaempferi Reveals a Growth Arrest Plasticity Plant Direct conifer developmental plasticity developmental unit larch proliferative arrest short shoot |
| title | Revisiting the Proliferated Seed Cones in Larix kaempferi Reveals a Growth Arrest Plasticity |
| title_full | Revisiting the Proliferated Seed Cones in Larix kaempferi Reveals a Growth Arrest Plasticity |
| title_fullStr | Revisiting the Proliferated Seed Cones in Larix kaempferi Reveals a Growth Arrest Plasticity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revisiting the Proliferated Seed Cones in Larix kaempferi Reveals a Growth Arrest Plasticity |
| title_short | Revisiting the Proliferated Seed Cones in Larix kaempferi Reveals a Growth Arrest Plasticity |
| title_sort | revisiting the proliferated seed cones in larix kaempferi reveals a growth arrest plasticity |
| topic | conifer developmental plasticity developmental unit larch proliferative arrest short shoot |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70089 |
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