A small molecule directly targets NLRP3 to promote inflammasome activation and antitumor immunity

Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have emerged as promising treatment of cancer, but the efficacy is limited. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in tumor microenvironment can promote the infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes and antitumor immunity, but it is unclear whether ICB resistan...

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Main Authors: Xuemei Liu, Hongbin He, Minghui Qi, Zhongjun Jiang, Bolong Lin, Xiaqiong Wang, Di Wang, Ming Ma, Wei Jiang, Rongbin Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-04-01
Series:Cell Death and Disease
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07578-0
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author Xuemei Liu
Hongbin He
Minghui Qi
Zhongjun Jiang
Bolong Lin
Xiaqiong Wang
Di Wang
Ming Ma
Wei Jiang
Rongbin Zhou
author_facet Xuemei Liu
Hongbin He
Minghui Qi
Zhongjun Jiang
Bolong Lin
Xiaqiong Wang
Di Wang
Ming Ma
Wei Jiang
Rongbin Zhou
author_sort Xuemei Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have emerged as promising treatment of cancer, but the efficacy is limited. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in tumor microenvironment can promote the infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes and antitumor immunity, but it is unclear whether ICB resistance can be overcome by directly targeting NLRP3. Here we show that a small molecule compound directly targeting NLRP3 can induce inflammasome activation and anti-tumor immunity. 2-guanidinobezimidazole (2GBI) directly bound to NLRP3 and induced inflammasome activation, which was independent of potassium efflux, chloride efflux and mitochondrial dysfunction. 2GBI treatment alone promoted anti-tumor immunity and inhibited tumor growth via NLRP3-dependent manner. Moreover, 2GBI treatment could overcome ICB resistance and exerted synergistic anti-tumor effects. These results suggest that targeting NLRP3 is a potential strategy to induce anti-tumor immunity and improve the efficacy of ICB.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2041-4889
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Publishing Group
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series Cell Death and Disease
spelling doaj-art-ab5bd3f921eb4205ab2b838d80d5d3a72025-08-20T03:04:53ZengNature Publishing GroupCell Death and Disease2041-48892025-04-0116111010.1038/s41419-025-07578-0A small molecule directly targets NLRP3 to promote inflammasome activation and antitumor immunityXuemei Liu0Hongbin He1Minghui Qi2Zhongjun Jiang3Bolong Lin4Xiaqiong Wang5Di Wang6Ming Ma7Wei Jiang8Rongbin Zhou9National Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaNational Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaNational Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaNational Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaNational Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaNational Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaInstitute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaNational Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaNational Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaAbstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have emerged as promising treatment of cancer, but the efficacy is limited. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in tumor microenvironment can promote the infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes and antitumor immunity, but it is unclear whether ICB resistance can be overcome by directly targeting NLRP3. Here we show that a small molecule compound directly targeting NLRP3 can induce inflammasome activation and anti-tumor immunity. 2-guanidinobezimidazole (2GBI) directly bound to NLRP3 and induced inflammasome activation, which was independent of potassium efflux, chloride efflux and mitochondrial dysfunction. 2GBI treatment alone promoted anti-tumor immunity and inhibited tumor growth via NLRP3-dependent manner. Moreover, 2GBI treatment could overcome ICB resistance and exerted synergistic anti-tumor effects. These results suggest that targeting NLRP3 is a potential strategy to induce anti-tumor immunity and improve the efficacy of ICB.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07578-0
spellingShingle Xuemei Liu
Hongbin He
Minghui Qi
Zhongjun Jiang
Bolong Lin
Xiaqiong Wang
Di Wang
Ming Ma
Wei Jiang
Rongbin Zhou
A small molecule directly targets NLRP3 to promote inflammasome activation and antitumor immunity
Cell Death and Disease
title A small molecule directly targets NLRP3 to promote inflammasome activation and antitumor immunity
title_full A small molecule directly targets NLRP3 to promote inflammasome activation and antitumor immunity
title_fullStr A small molecule directly targets NLRP3 to promote inflammasome activation and antitumor immunity
title_full_unstemmed A small molecule directly targets NLRP3 to promote inflammasome activation and antitumor immunity
title_short A small molecule directly targets NLRP3 to promote inflammasome activation and antitumor immunity
title_sort small molecule directly targets nlrp3 to promote inflammasome activation and antitumor immunity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07578-0
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