A study on histomorphological analysis of gestational trophoblastic disease
Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) represents a diverse group of conditions characterized by abnormal trophoblastic proliferation within the placenta. GTD includes benign and malignant lesions, ranging from complete and partial hydatidiform moles to more severe forms like invasive...
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-07-01
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| Series: | MGM Journal of Medical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/mgmj/fulltext/2024/11030/a_study_on_histomorphological_analysis_of.5.aspx |
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| author | Arvind Neral Ruchi Varma Priyanka Grihi Kasturi Mangrulkar Varsha Pandey Vanita Bhaskar |
| author_facet | Arvind Neral Ruchi Varma Priyanka Grihi Kasturi Mangrulkar Varsha Pandey Vanita Bhaskar |
| author_sort | Arvind Neral |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) represents a diverse group of conditions characterized by abnormal trophoblastic proliferation within the placenta. GTD includes benign and malignant lesions, ranging from complete and partial hydatidiform moles to more severe forms like invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTTs), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors. Given that neoplastic GTD lesions respond remarkably well to chemotherapy, early and accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial as it directly influences treatment and prognosis.
Aim and Objectives:
This study examined the histomorphological features of various types of GTD alongside key clinical factors such as age, parity, and gestational period.
Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology over the course of10 years, from January 2014 to January 2024. All cases of GTD confirmed through histopathological examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were included in the analysis.
Results:
Out of 60 diagnosed cases of GTD, 34 (56.66%) were complete hydatidiform moles, 22 (36.67%) were partial hydatidiform moles, 1 (1.67%) was an invasive mole, 1 (1.67%) was choriocarcinoma, and 2 (3.33%) were PSTTs. The age of the affected patients ranged from 18 to 45 years, with the highest incidence observed in the 20–25 year age group (30 cases, 50%). Most cases (33, 55%) occurred during the first trimester, with a predominance among primigravida patients (28 cases, 46.66%). The most common clinical presentation was per vaginal bleeding, reported in 56 cases (93.33%).
Conclusion:
Although GTD can lead to serious complications, including metastasis, it is treatable. In this study, the complete hydatidiform mole was the most frequently encountered lesion and is associated with a higher risk of severe complications such as persistent GTD, invasive moles, and choriocarcinoma. Thus, early and accurate histopathological diagnosis is vital for the timely initiation of therapy, ultimately reducing the mortality rate. This study highlights the various categories and histomorphological features of GTD, emphasizing the importance of understanding its clinical presentation to mitigate disease burden and complications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab56a3b3b1ac4e8abdbda097c5cfb341 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2347-7962 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
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| series | MGM Journal of Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-ab56a3b3b1ac4e8abdbda097c5cfb3412025-08-20T02:14:30ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsMGM Journal of Medical Sciences2347-79622024-07-0111341141910.4103/mgmj.mgmj_244_24A study on histomorphological analysis of gestational trophoblastic diseaseArvind NeralRuchi VarmaPriyanka GrihiKasturi MangrulkarVarsha PandeyVanita BhaskarBackground: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) represents a diverse group of conditions characterized by abnormal trophoblastic proliferation within the placenta. GTD includes benign and malignant lesions, ranging from complete and partial hydatidiform moles to more severe forms like invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTTs), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors. Given that neoplastic GTD lesions respond remarkably well to chemotherapy, early and accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial as it directly influences treatment and prognosis. Aim and Objectives: This study examined the histomorphological features of various types of GTD alongside key clinical factors such as age, parity, and gestational period. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology over the course of10 years, from January 2014 to January 2024. All cases of GTD confirmed through histopathological examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were included in the analysis. Results: Out of 60 diagnosed cases of GTD, 34 (56.66%) were complete hydatidiform moles, 22 (36.67%) were partial hydatidiform moles, 1 (1.67%) was an invasive mole, 1 (1.67%) was choriocarcinoma, and 2 (3.33%) were PSTTs. The age of the affected patients ranged from 18 to 45 years, with the highest incidence observed in the 20–25 year age group (30 cases, 50%). Most cases (33, 55%) occurred during the first trimester, with a predominance among primigravida patients (28 cases, 46.66%). The most common clinical presentation was per vaginal bleeding, reported in 56 cases (93.33%). Conclusion: Although GTD can lead to serious complications, including metastasis, it is treatable. In this study, the complete hydatidiform mole was the most frequently encountered lesion and is associated with a higher risk of severe complications such as persistent GTD, invasive moles, and choriocarcinoma. Thus, early and accurate histopathological diagnosis is vital for the timely initiation of therapy, ultimately reducing the mortality rate. This study highlights the various categories and histomorphological features of GTD, emphasizing the importance of understanding its clinical presentation to mitigate disease burden and complications.https://journals.lww.com/mgmj/fulltext/2024/11030/a_study_on_histomorphological_analysis_of.5.aspxchoriocarcinoma; epitheliod trophoblastic tumor; exaggerated placental site reaction; gestational trophoblastic disease; histopathology; hydatidiform mole; invasive mole; placental site nodule placental site trophoblastic tumor |
| spellingShingle | Arvind Neral Ruchi Varma Priyanka Grihi Kasturi Mangrulkar Varsha Pandey Vanita Bhaskar A study on histomorphological analysis of gestational trophoblastic disease MGM Journal of Medical Sciences choriocarcinoma; epitheliod trophoblastic tumor; exaggerated placental site reaction; gestational trophoblastic disease; histopathology; hydatidiform mole; invasive mole; placental site nodule placental site trophoblastic tumor |
| title | A study on histomorphological analysis of gestational trophoblastic disease |
| title_full | A study on histomorphological analysis of gestational trophoblastic disease |
| title_fullStr | A study on histomorphological analysis of gestational trophoblastic disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | A study on histomorphological analysis of gestational trophoblastic disease |
| title_short | A study on histomorphological analysis of gestational trophoblastic disease |
| title_sort | study on histomorphological analysis of gestational trophoblastic disease |
| topic | choriocarcinoma; epitheliod trophoblastic tumor; exaggerated placental site reaction; gestational trophoblastic disease; histopathology; hydatidiform mole; invasive mole; placental site nodule placental site trophoblastic tumor |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/mgmj/fulltext/2024/11030/a_study_on_histomorphological_analysis_of.5.aspx |
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