Risk Assessment and Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission from Laos to China

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is classified as a Class I animal disease in China and listed as one of the notifiable animal diseases by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). It significantly impacts the safe production of livestock and the trade of animals and related products. China’s Yun...

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Main Authors: Jige Xin, Sixian Lan, Jun Ai, Bangquan Zeng, Aiguo Xin, Lingling Ye, Weidong Zuo, Yanlin Li, Diangang Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/92
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author Jige Xin
Sixian Lan
Jun Ai
Bangquan Zeng
Aiguo Xin
Lingling Ye
Weidong Zuo
Yanlin Li
Diangang Han
author_facet Jige Xin
Sixian Lan
Jun Ai
Bangquan Zeng
Aiguo Xin
Lingling Ye
Weidong Zuo
Yanlin Li
Diangang Han
author_sort Jige Xin
collection DOAJ
description Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is classified as a Class I animal disease in China and listed as one of the notifiable animal diseases by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). It significantly impacts the safe production of livestock and the trade of animals and related products. China’s Yunnan Province shares a 710 km border with Laos, with frequent cross-border trade, and the cross-border flow of animals and related products occurs from time to time. In order to prevent the introduction of FMD from the border areas of Laos into China, this study conducted an assessment of the entry, exposure, and consequences of FMD transmission. The findings revealed a “high” risk in terms of entry assessment, a “medium” risk in exposure assessment, and a “high” risk in the consequence assessment. Based on these assessments, the overall risk level for the introduction of FMD from Laos into China is determined to be “high”. Therefore, it is recommended that management measures are implemented, such as restricting animal movement across borders and strengthening inspection procedures for animals entering China, to effectively prevent FMD introduction from Laos.
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series Veterinary Sciences
spelling doaj-art-ab3c652201894e42a48288f7dec098092025-08-20T03:12:10ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-01-011229210.3390/vetsci12020092Risk Assessment and Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission from Laos to ChinaJige Xin0Sixian Lan1Jun Ai2Bangquan Zeng3Aiguo Xin4Lingling Ye5Weidong Zuo6Yanlin Li7Diangang Han8College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaTechnology Center of Kunming Customs, Kunming 650200, ChinaYunnan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650201, ChinaNational Foot-and-Mouth Disease Para-Reference Laboratory (Kunming), Yunnan Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Kunming 650224, ChinaTechnology Center of Kunming Customs, Kunming 650200, ChinaComprehensive Technology Center of Mengla Customs, Mengla 666399, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaTechnology Center of Kunming Customs, Kunming 650200, ChinaFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is classified as a Class I animal disease in China and listed as one of the notifiable animal diseases by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). It significantly impacts the safe production of livestock and the trade of animals and related products. China’s Yunnan Province shares a 710 km border with Laos, with frequent cross-border trade, and the cross-border flow of animals and related products occurs from time to time. In order to prevent the introduction of FMD from the border areas of Laos into China, this study conducted an assessment of the entry, exposure, and consequences of FMD transmission. The findings revealed a “high” risk in terms of entry assessment, a “medium” risk in exposure assessment, and a “high” risk in the consequence assessment. Based on these assessments, the overall risk level for the introduction of FMD from Laos into China is determined to be “high”. Therefore, it is recommended that management measures are implemented, such as restricting animal movement across borders and strengthening inspection procedures for animals entering China, to effectively prevent FMD introduction from Laos.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/92foot-and-mouth diseaserisk assessmentLaosbordercontrol measures
spellingShingle Jige Xin
Sixian Lan
Jun Ai
Bangquan Zeng
Aiguo Xin
Lingling Ye
Weidong Zuo
Yanlin Li
Diangang Han
Risk Assessment and Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission from Laos to China
Veterinary Sciences
foot-and-mouth disease
risk assessment
Laos
border
control measures
title Risk Assessment and Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission from Laos to China
title_full Risk Assessment and Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission from Laos to China
title_fullStr Risk Assessment and Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission from Laos to China
title_full_unstemmed Risk Assessment and Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission from Laos to China
title_short Risk Assessment and Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission from Laos to China
title_sort risk assessment and prevention of foot and mouth disease transmission from laos to china
topic foot-and-mouth disease
risk assessment
Laos
border
control measures
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/92
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