Role of T Lymphocytes in Glioma Immune Microenvironment: Two Sides of a Coin
Glioma is known for its immunosuppressive microenvironment, which makes it challenging to target through immunotherapies. Immune cells like macrophages, microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and T lymphocytes are known to infiltrate the glioma tumor microenvironment and regulate immune respon...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Laiba Noor Arun Upadhyay Vibhuti Joshi |
| author_facet | Laiba Noor Arun Upadhyay Vibhuti Joshi |
| author_sort | Laiba Noor |
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| description | Glioma is known for its immunosuppressive microenvironment, which makes it challenging to target through immunotherapies. Immune cells like macrophages, microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and T lymphocytes are known to infiltrate the glioma tumor microenvironment and regulate immune response distinctively. Among the variety of immune cells, T lymphocytes have highly complex and multifaceted roles in the glioma immune landscape. T lymphocytes, which include CD4<sup>+</sup> helper and CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T cells, are known for their pivotal roles in anti-tumor responses. However, these cells may behave differently in the highly dynamic glioma microenvironment, for example, via an immune invasion mechanism enforced by tumor cells. Therefore, T lymphocytes play dual roles in glioma immunity, firstly by their anti-tumor responses, and secondly by exploiting gliomas to promote immune invasion. As an immunosuppression strategy, glioma induces T-cell exhaustion and suppression of effector T cells by regulatory T cells (Tregs) or by altering their signaling pathways. Further, the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors on the glioma cell surface leads to T cell anergy and dysfunction. Overall, this dynamic interplay between T lymphocytes and glioma is crucial for designing more effective immunotherapies. The current review provides detailed knowledge on the roles of T lymphocytes in the glioma immune microenvironment and helps to explore novel therapeutic approaches to reinvigorate T lymphocytes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab350868d3c24cd7bd8f55a10f96f9d5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ab350868d3c24cd7bd8f55a10f96f9d52025-08-20T02:10:57ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372024-10-01131084610.3390/biology13100846Role of T Lymphocytes in Glioma Immune Microenvironment: Two Sides of a CoinLaiba Noor0Arun Upadhyay1Vibhuti Joshi2Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg 491002, Chhattisgarh, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Bennett University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaGlioma is known for its immunosuppressive microenvironment, which makes it challenging to target through immunotherapies. Immune cells like macrophages, microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and T lymphocytes are known to infiltrate the glioma tumor microenvironment and regulate immune response distinctively. Among the variety of immune cells, T lymphocytes have highly complex and multifaceted roles in the glioma immune landscape. T lymphocytes, which include CD4<sup>+</sup> helper and CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T cells, are known for their pivotal roles in anti-tumor responses. However, these cells may behave differently in the highly dynamic glioma microenvironment, for example, via an immune invasion mechanism enforced by tumor cells. Therefore, T lymphocytes play dual roles in glioma immunity, firstly by their anti-tumor responses, and secondly by exploiting gliomas to promote immune invasion. As an immunosuppression strategy, glioma induces T-cell exhaustion and suppression of effector T cells by regulatory T cells (Tregs) or by altering their signaling pathways. Further, the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors on the glioma cell surface leads to T cell anergy and dysfunction. Overall, this dynamic interplay between T lymphocytes and glioma is crucial for designing more effective immunotherapies. The current review provides detailed knowledge on the roles of T lymphocytes in the glioma immune microenvironment and helps to explore novel therapeutic approaches to reinvigorate T lymphocytes.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/10/846gliomatumor microenvironmentT lymphocytesimmunomodulationimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Laiba Noor Arun Upadhyay Vibhuti Joshi Role of T Lymphocytes in Glioma Immune Microenvironment: Two Sides of a Coin Biology glioma tumor microenvironment T lymphocytes immunomodulation immunotherapy |
| title | Role of T Lymphocytes in Glioma Immune Microenvironment: Two Sides of a Coin |
| title_full | Role of T Lymphocytes in Glioma Immune Microenvironment: Two Sides of a Coin |
| title_fullStr | Role of T Lymphocytes in Glioma Immune Microenvironment: Two Sides of a Coin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of T Lymphocytes in Glioma Immune Microenvironment: Two Sides of a Coin |
| title_short | Role of T Lymphocytes in Glioma Immune Microenvironment: Two Sides of a Coin |
| title_sort | role of t lymphocytes in glioma immune microenvironment two sides of a coin |
| topic | glioma tumor microenvironment T lymphocytes immunomodulation immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/10/846 |
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