Computational Analysis of Flow Separation in Non-Transferred Plasma Torch: Causes, Impacts and Control Methods

In a non-transferred plasma torch, the working gas becomes ionized and forms plasma as it interacts with the electric arc at the cathode tip. However, in certain cathode shapes, particularly flat ones, and under specific conditions, the gas flow can separate at the cathode tip, forming a vortex regi...

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Main Authors: Sai Likitha Siddanathi, Lars-Göran Westerberg, Hans O. Åkerstedt, Per Gren, Henrik Wiinikka, Alexey Sepman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Fluids
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/2/47
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author Sai Likitha Siddanathi
Lars-Göran Westerberg
Hans O. Åkerstedt
Per Gren
Henrik Wiinikka
Alexey Sepman
author_facet Sai Likitha Siddanathi
Lars-Göran Westerberg
Hans O. Åkerstedt
Per Gren
Henrik Wiinikka
Alexey Sepman
author_sort Sai Likitha Siddanathi
collection DOAJ
description In a non-transferred plasma torch, the working gas becomes ionized and forms plasma as it interacts with the electric arc at the cathode tip. However, in certain cathode shapes, particularly flat ones, and under specific conditions, the gas flow can separate at the cathode tip, forming a vortex region. While this flow separation is influenced by geometric factors, it occurs in the critical zone where plasma is generated. Understanding the causes of this separation is essential, as it may significantly impact torch performance. If the separation proves detrimental, it is important to identify ways to mitigate it. This paper presents a computational analysis of a non-transferred plasma torch to investigate the physics behind flow separation. The results highlight the location and causes of the separation, as well as its potential advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the paper explores theoretical approaches to address flow separation in plasma torches, offering practical insights for enhancing their design and efficiency.
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issn 2311-5521
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publishDate 2025-02-01
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series Fluids
spelling doaj-art-ab2eec0f744b40b99236c78b8de28f402025-08-20T03:12:02ZengMDPI AGFluids2311-55212025-02-011024710.3390/fluids10020047Computational Analysis of Flow Separation in Non-Transferred Plasma Torch: Causes, Impacts and Control MethodsSai Likitha Siddanathi0Lars-Göran Westerberg1Hans O. Åkerstedt2Per Gren3Henrik Wiinikka4Alexey Sepman5Division of Fluid and Experimental Mechanics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, SwedenDivision of Fluid and Experimental Mechanics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, SwedenDivision of Fluid and Experimental Mechanics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, SwedenDivision of Fluid and Experimental Mechanics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, SwedenEnergy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, SwedenRISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 726, SE-941 28 Piteå, SwedenIn a non-transferred plasma torch, the working gas becomes ionized and forms plasma as it interacts with the electric arc at the cathode tip. However, in certain cathode shapes, particularly flat ones, and under specific conditions, the gas flow can separate at the cathode tip, forming a vortex region. While this flow separation is influenced by geometric factors, it occurs in the critical zone where plasma is generated. Understanding the causes of this separation is essential, as it may significantly impact torch performance. If the separation proves detrimental, it is important to identify ways to mitigate it. This paper presents a computational analysis of a non-transferred plasma torch to investigate the physics behind flow separation. The results highlight the location and causes of the separation, as well as its potential advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the paper explores theoretical approaches to address flow separation in plasma torches, offering practical insights for enhancing their design and efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/2/47non-transferred plasma torchflat cathodeflow separation
spellingShingle Sai Likitha Siddanathi
Lars-Göran Westerberg
Hans O. Åkerstedt
Per Gren
Henrik Wiinikka
Alexey Sepman
Computational Analysis of Flow Separation in Non-Transferred Plasma Torch: Causes, Impacts and Control Methods
Fluids
non-transferred plasma torch
flat cathode
flow separation
title Computational Analysis of Flow Separation in Non-Transferred Plasma Torch: Causes, Impacts and Control Methods
title_full Computational Analysis of Flow Separation in Non-Transferred Plasma Torch: Causes, Impacts and Control Methods
title_fullStr Computational Analysis of Flow Separation in Non-Transferred Plasma Torch: Causes, Impacts and Control Methods
title_full_unstemmed Computational Analysis of Flow Separation in Non-Transferred Plasma Torch: Causes, Impacts and Control Methods
title_short Computational Analysis of Flow Separation in Non-Transferred Plasma Torch: Causes, Impacts and Control Methods
title_sort computational analysis of flow separation in non transferred plasma torch causes impacts and control methods
topic non-transferred plasma torch
flat cathode
flow separation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/2/47
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