Towards Biocompatible Cellulose Nanofiber Sponges with Tailored Pore Geometries

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) sponges or CNF aerogels are promising biocompatible materials with applications ranging from biomedicine to environmental remediation. The highly porous architecture of these sponges – which is crucial for their functionality – is significantly influenced by the freezing st...

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Main Authors: Flavio Augusto von Philipsborn, Christian Adlhart
Format: Article
Language:deu
Published: Swiss Chemical Society 2025-04-01
Series:CHIMIA
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.chimia.ch/chimia/article/view/7940
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author Flavio Augusto von Philipsborn
Christian Adlhart
author_facet Flavio Augusto von Philipsborn
Christian Adlhart
author_sort Flavio Augusto von Philipsborn
collection DOAJ
description Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) sponges or CNF aerogels are promising biocompatible materials with applications ranging from biomedicine to environmental remediation. The highly porous architecture of these sponges – which is crucial for their functionality – is significantly influenced by the freezing step during fabrication. This review explores the critical role of freezing techniques in tailoring pore geometry and, consequently, the macroscopic properties of CNF sponges. We discuss conventional directional freezing methods and their limitations, highlighting the advantages of dynamic freezing for achieving isotropic pore structures. Furthermore, we examine various crosslinking strategies to enhance the stability and mechanical properties of CNF sponges. Finally, we present recent findings from our laboratory demonstrating the successful fabrication of biocompatible and crosslinked CNF sponges with tailored pore geometries using a dynamic freezing approach.
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spelling doaj-art-ab2d64c638114c84a5c6d24864bbec9c2025-08-20T01:47:32ZdeuSwiss Chemical SocietyCHIMIA0009-42932673-24242025-04-0179410.2533/chimia.2025.232Towards Biocompatible Cellulose Nanofiber Sponges with Tailored Pore GeometriesFlavio Augusto von Philipsborn0Christian Adlhart1Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, CH-8820 Wädenswil, SwitzerlandCellulose nanofiber (CNF) sponges or CNF aerogels are promising biocompatible materials with applications ranging from biomedicine to environmental remediation. The highly porous architecture of these sponges – which is crucial for their functionality – is significantly influenced by the freezing step during fabrication. This review explores the critical role of freezing techniques in tailoring pore geometry and, consequently, the macroscopic properties of CNF sponges. We discuss conventional directional freezing methods and their limitations, highlighting the advantages of dynamic freezing for achieving isotropic pore structures. Furthermore, we examine various crosslinking strategies to enhance the stability and mechanical properties of CNF sponges. Finally, we present recent findings from our laboratory demonstrating the successful fabrication of biocompatible and crosslinked CNF sponges with tailored pore geometries using a dynamic freezing approach. https://www.chimia.ch/chimia/article/view/7940BiocompatibleCNF aerogelsCNF spongesCrosslinkingFreeze-dryingPore geometry
spellingShingle Flavio Augusto von Philipsborn
Christian Adlhart
Towards Biocompatible Cellulose Nanofiber Sponges with Tailored Pore Geometries
CHIMIA
Biocompatible
CNF aerogels
CNF sponges
Crosslinking
Freeze-drying
Pore geometry
title Towards Biocompatible Cellulose Nanofiber Sponges with Tailored Pore Geometries
title_full Towards Biocompatible Cellulose Nanofiber Sponges with Tailored Pore Geometries
title_fullStr Towards Biocompatible Cellulose Nanofiber Sponges with Tailored Pore Geometries
title_full_unstemmed Towards Biocompatible Cellulose Nanofiber Sponges with Tailored Pore Geometries
title_short Towards Biocompatible Cellulose Nanofiber Sponges with Tailored Pore Geometries
title_sort towards biocompatible cellulose nanofiber sponges with tailored pore geometries
topic Biocompatible
CNF aerogels
CNF sponges
Crosslinking
Freeze-drying
Pore geometry
url https://www.chimia.ch/chimia/article/view/7940
work_keys_str_mv AT flavioaugustovonphilipsborn towardsbiocompatiblecellulosenanofiberspongeswithtailoredporegeometries
AT christianadlhart towardsbiocompatiblecellulosenanofiberspongeswithtailoredporegeometries