Long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and older adults in China: a retrospective cohort study from CHARLS
BackgroundAir pollution caused by ambient fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm) adversely affects human health. Previous studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of lung diseases. However, the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged a...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1549830/full |
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| author | Xiaojun Wu Kai Zhang Daihua Yu Jingjing Li |
| author_facet | Xiaojun Wu Kai Zhang Daihua Yu Jingjing Li |
| author_sort | Xiaojun Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundAir pollution caused by ambient fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm) adversely affects human health. Previous studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of lung diseases. However, the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and older adults in China is still unclear.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study through the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and Science Data Bank (ScienceDB). The logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explore the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases. To further increase the robustness of the results, we performed sensitivity and subgroup analyses.ResultsA total of 10,707 patients were included in this study. The 10,707 patients were divided into two groups: without new-onset lung diseases (n = 9,019) and with new-onset lung diseases (n = 1,688). The results of multivariate analysis showed that per 1 ug/m3 increase in annual PM2.5 concentration, the risk of new lung diseases increased by 0.3%. The results of the RCS showed that PM2.5 exposure increased the risk of new-onset lung diseases more significantly when the annual PM2.5 concentration was greater than 48.5 ug/m3. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis also confirmed the reliability of the results.ConclusionPM2.5 exposure increases the risk of new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and old adults in China, especially when the concentration of PM2.5 > 48.5 ug/m3. Our study established an empirical foundation for refining PM2.5 emission regulations, developing age-stratified screening protocols for incident pulmonary diseases, and advancing mechanistic investigations into PM2.5-induced lung pathology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab245cd127b14e32b333eebdbac598fc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-ab245cd127b14e32b333eebdbac598fc2025-08-20T03:12:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-05-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15498301549830Long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and older adults in China: a retrospective cohort study from CHARLSXiaojun Wu0Kai Zhang1Daihua Yu2Jingjing Li3Department of General Surgery, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Intensive Care Unit, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Intensive Care Unit, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Intensive Care Unit, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, ChinaBackgroundAir pollution caused by ambient fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm) adversely affects human health. Previous studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of lung diseases. However, the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and older adults in China is still unclear.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study through the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and Science Data Bank (ScienceDB). The logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explore the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases. To further increase the robustness of the results, we performed sensitivity and subgroup analyses.ResultsA total of 10,707 patients were included in this study. The 10,707 patients were divided into two groups: without new-onset lung diseases (n = 9,019) and with new-onset lung diseases (n = 1,688). The results of multivariate analysis showed that per 1 ug/m3 increase in annual PM2.5 concentration, the risk of new lung diseases increased by 0.3%. The results of the RCS showed that PM2.5 exposure increased the risk of new-onset lung diseases more significantly when the annual PM2.5 concentration was greater than 48.5 ug/m3. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis also confirmed the reliability of the results.ConclusionPM2.5 exposure increases the risk of new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and old adults in China, especially when the concentration of PM2.5 > 48.5 ug/m3. Our study established an empirical foundation for refining PM2.5 emission regulations, developing age-stratified screening protocols for incident pulmonary diseases, and advancing mechanistic investigations into PM2.5-induced lung pathology.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1549830/fulllong-termPM2.5 exposurenew-onset lung diseasesmiddle-aged and older adultsChina |
| spellingShingle | Xiaojun Wu Kai Zhang Daihua Yu Jingjing Li Long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and older adults in China: a retrospective cohort study from CHARLS Frontiers in Public Health long-term PM2.5 exposure new-onset lung diseases middle-aged and older adults China |
| title | Long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and older adults in China: a retrospective cohort study from CHARLS |
| title_full | Long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and older adults in China: a retrospective cohort study from CHARLS |
| title_fullStr | Long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and older adults in China: a retrospective cohort study from CHARLS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and older adults in China: a retrospective cohort study from CHARLS |
| title_short | Long-term PM2.5 exposure and new-onset lung diseases among middle-aged and older adults in China: a retrospective cohort study from CHARLS |
| title_sort | long term pm2 5 exposure and new onset lung diseases among middle aged and older adults in china a retrospective cohort study from charls |
| topic | long-term PM2.5 exposure new-onset lung diseases middle-aged and older adults China |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1549830/full |
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