Enhancing effect of 5-azacytidine on saline–alkaline resistance of Akebia trifoliata and underlying physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms
Saline-alkaline stress is a common problem in Akebia trifoliata cultivation. In this study, the enhancing effects of 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) on the resistance of A. trifoliata to saline–alkaline stress and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Plant height, stem diameter, biomass, root length,...
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PeerJ Inc.
2025-05-01
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| author | Xiao Xu Bi Kai Wang Xiaoqin Li Jiao Chen Jin Yang Jin Yan Guijiao Wang Yongfu Zhang |
| author_facet | Xiao Xu Bi Kai Wang Xiaoqin Li Jiao Chen Jin Yang Jin Yan Guijiao Wang Yongfu Zhang |
| author_sort | Xiao Xu Bi |
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| description | Saline-alkaline stress is a common problem in Akebia trifoliata cultivation. In this study, the enhancing effects of 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) on the resistance of A. trifoliata to saline–alkaline stress and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Plant height, stem diameter, biomass, root length, fresh weight of root, and root/shoot ratio of 6-month-old A. trifoliata seedlings were measured after saline–alkaline stress with or without 5-AzaC treatment. Moreover, the contents of photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, sodium, soluble sugar, and proline; activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT); and anatomical structures of root, stem, and leaf were assessed. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome sequencing was performed. The results demonstrated that growth and development of A. trifoliata were severely inhibited under saline–alkaline stress, suggesting that the seedlings were exposed to severe oxidative and osmotic stresses. Treatment with exogenous 5-AzaC could significantly relieve the symptoms of saline–alkaline stress in A. trifoliata. Under saline–alkaline stress, 5-AzaC could increase the stem diameter, biomass, root length, fresh weight of root, and root/shoot ratio and minimize damages to the anatomical structure. Moreover, absorption of Na+ was reduced; ionic balance was maintained; POD and CAT activities were significantly improved; proline and soluble sugar contents increased, and H2O2 and MDA contents decreased. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 5-AzaC functioned via regulating KEGG pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and glutathione metabolism under saline–alkaline stress. Particularly, enhanced expression of genes from the auxin pathway in plant hormone signal transduction; the lignin synthetic pathway in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; and photosystem II, photosystem I, photosynthetic electron transport, and F-type ATP pathway in photosynthesis may be related to 5-AzaC-induced saline–alkaline resistance. The results provided theoretical references for A. trifoliata cultivation in saline–alkaline soil and application of 5-AzaC to improve saline–alkaline tolerance in plants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab1f8900a6684563b1cd50ff2b98641a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ab1f8900a6684563b1cd50ff2b98641a2025-08-20T02:30:35ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-05-0113e1928510.7717/peerj.19285Enhancing effect of 5-azacytidine on saline–alkaline resistance of Akebia trifoliata and underlying physiological and transcriptomic mechanismsXiao Xu BiKai WangXiaoqin LiJiao ChenJin YangJin YanGuijiao WangYongfu ZhangSaline-alkaline stress is a common problem in Akebia trifoliata cultivation. In this study, the enhancing effects of 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) on the resistance of A. trifoliata to saline–alkaline stress and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Plant height, stem diameter, biomass, root length, fresh weight of root, and root/shoot ratio of 6-month-old A. trifoliata seedlings were measured after saline–alkaline stress with or without 5-AzaC treatment. Moreover, the contents of photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, sodium, soluble sugar, and proline; activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT); and anatomical structures of root, stem, and leaf were assessed. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome sequencing was performed. The results demonstrated that growth and development of A. trifoliata were severely inhibited under saline–alkaline stress, suggesting that the seedlings were exposed to severe oxidative and osmotic stresses. Treatment with exogenous 5-AzaC could significantly relieve the symptoms of saline–alkaline stress in A. trifoliata. Under saline–alkaline stress, 5-AzaC could increase the stem diameter, biomass, root length, fresh weight of root, and root/shoot ratio and minimize damages to the anatomical structure. Moreover, absorption of Na+ was reduced; ionic balance was maintained; POD and CAT activities were significantly improved; proline and soluble sugar contents increased, and H2O2 and MDA contents decreased. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 5-AzaC functioned via regulating KEGG pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and glutathione metabolism under saline–alkaline stress. Particularly, enhanced expression of genes from the auxin pathway in plant hormone signal transduction; the lignin synthetic pathway in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; and photosystem II, photosystem I, photosynthetic electron transport, and F-type ATP pathway in photosynthesis may be related to 5-AzaC-induced saline–alkaline resistance. The results provided theoretical references for A. trifoliata cultivation in saline–alkaline soil and application of 5-AzaC to improve saline–alkaline tolerance in plants.https://peerj.com/articles/19285.pdfAkebia trifoliata5-azacytidineSaline-alkali stressAnatomical structurePhysiological and biochemical indexTranscriptome analysis |
| spellingShingle | Xiao Xu Bi Kai Wang Xiaoqin Li Jiao Chen Jin Yang Jin Yan Guijiao Wang Yongfu Zhang Enhancing effect of 5-azacytidine on saline–alkaline resistance of Akebia trifoliata and underlying physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms PeerJ Akebia trifoliata 5-azacytidine Saline-alkali stress Anatomical structure Physiological and biochemical index Transcriptome analysis |
| title | Enhancing effect of 5-azacytidine on saline–alkaline resistance of Akebia trifoliata and underlying physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms |
| title_full | Enhancing effect of 5-azacytidine on saline–alkaline resistance of Akebia trifoliata and underlying physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing effect of 5-azacytidine on saline–alkaline resistance of Akebia trifoliata and underlying physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing effect of 5-azacytidine on saline–alkaline resistance of Akebia trifoliata and underlying physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms |
| title_short | Enhancing effect of 5-azacytidine on saline–alkaline resistance of Akebia trifoliata and underlying physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms |
| title_sort | enhancing effect of 5 azacytidine on saline alkaline resistance of akebia trifoliata and underlying physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms |
| topic | Akebia trifoliata 5-azacytidine Saline-alkali stress Anatomical structure Physiological and biochemical index Transcriptome analysis |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/19285.pdf |
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