The Meaning of Sexual Harassment in the Eye of the Beholder: 25 Years After the Enactment of Israel’s Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law

This study examines perceptions of sexual harassment in sports 25 years after the enactment of Israel’s prevention of sexual harassment law, building upon a 1999 study by Feigin and Negbi. Utilizing feminist and power relations theories, this research investigates how perceptions have evolved across...

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Main Authors: Sima Zach, Rona Cohen, Michal Arnon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Societies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/15/7/190
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author Sima Zach
Rona Cohen
Michal Arnon
author_facet Sima Zach
Rona Cohen
Michal Arnon
author_sort Sima Zach
collection DOAJ
description This study examines perceptions of sexual harassment in sports 25 years after the enactment of Israel’s prevention of sexual harassment law, building upon a 1999 study by Feigin and Negbi. Utilizing feminist and power relations theories, this research investigates how perceptions have evolved across genders, competitive levels, and coaching statuses. A total of 361 participants, including non-competitive, competitive, and Olympic athletes, completed a questionnaire assessing perceptions of potentially harassing behaviors. The results reveal significant shifts in awareness, particularly among female athletes, across all four factors of sexual harassment examined. The most substantial change was observed in the “Between concern and interest” factor, indicating increased sensitivity to ambiguous behaviors. Olympic athletes and coaches demonstrated heightened awareness compared to non-competitive athletes. Gender disparities persisted, with female participants consistently showing higher sensitivity to potentially harassing behaviors. These findings underscore the need for tailored educational programs, policy revisions, and increased representation of diverse perspectives in sports leadership.
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series Societies
spelling doaj-art-ab18cd3cbcc3496f8108dab2f17d60312025-08-20T03:32:33ZengMDPI AGSocieties2075-46982025-07-0115719010.3390/soc15070190The Meaning of Sexual Harassment in the Eye of the Beholder: 25 Years After the Enactment of Israel’s Prevention of Sexual Harassment LawSima Zach0Rona Cohen1Michal Arnon2School of Graduate Studies, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya 4290200, IsraelSchool of Education, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya 4290200, IsraelSchool of Education, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya 4290200, IsraelThis study examines perceptions of sexual harassment in sports 25 years after the enactment of Israel’s prevention of sexual harassment law, building upon a 1999 study by Feigin and Negbi. Utilizing feminist and power relations theories, this research investigates how perceptions have evolved across genders, competitive levels, and coaching statuses. A total of 361 participants, including non-competitive, competitive, and Olympic athletes, completed a questionnaire assessing perceptions of potentially harassing behaviors. The results reveal significant shifts in awareness, particularly among female athletes, across all four factors of sexual harassment examined. The most substantial change was observed in the “Between concern and interest” factor, indicating increased sensitivity to ambiguous behaviors. Olympic athletes and coaches demonstrated heightened awareness compared to non-competitive athletes. Gender disparities persisted, with female participants consistently showing higher sensitivity to potentially harassing behaviors. These findings underscore the need for tailored educational programs, policy revisions, and increased representation of diverse perspectives in sports leadership.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/15/7/190sexual harassmentgender disparitiessports organizationspower relationsMeToo movementfeminist theory
spellingShingle Sima Zach
Rona Cohen
Michal Arnon
The Meaning of Sexual Harassment in the Eye of the Beholder: 25 Years After the Enactment of Israel’s Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law
Societies
sexual harassment
gender disparities
sports organizations
power relations
MeToo movement
feminist theory
title The Meaning of Sexual Harassment in the Eye of the Beholder: 25 Years After the Enactment of Israel’s Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law
title_full The Meaning of Sexual Harassment in the Eye of the Beholder: 25 Years After the Enactment of Israel’s Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law
title_fullStr The Meaning of Sexual Harassment in the Eye of the Beholder: 25 Years After the Enactment of Israel’s Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law
title_full_unstemmed The Meaning of Sexual Harassment in the Eye of the Beholder: 25 Years After the Enactment of Israel’s Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law
title_short The Meaning of Sexual Harassment in the Eye of the Beholder: 25 Years After the Enactment of Israel’s Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law
title_sort meaning of sexual harassment in the eye of the beholder 25 years after the enactment of israel s prevention of sexual harassment law
topic sexual harassment
gender disparities
sports organizations
power relations
MeToo movement
feminist theory
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/15/7/190
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