In silico determination of novel SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein ion channel inhibitors

The SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein (2-EPRO), a viroporin crucial for viral pathogenesis, is a promising target for antiviral drug development as it is highly conserved and functionally important. Although it is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of COVID-19, it has often been overlooked i...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nina Kobe, Lennart Dreisewerd, Matic Pavlin, Polona Kogovšek, Črtomir Podlipnik, Uroš Grošelj, Miha Lukšič
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2001037025002557
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849428610311520256
author Nina Kobe
Lennart Dreisewerd
Matic Pavlin
Polona Kogovšek
Črtomir Podlipnik
Uroš Grošelj
Miha Lukšič
author_facet Nina Kobe
Lennart Dreisewerd
Matic Pavlin
Polona Kogovšek
Črtomir Podlipnik
Uroš Grošelj
Miha Lukšič
author_sort Nina Kobe
collection DOAJ
description The SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein (2-EPRO), a viroporin crucial for viral pathogenesis, is a promising target for antiviral drug development as it is highly conserved and functionally important. Although it is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of COVID-19, it has often been overlooked in previous studies. In this study, a high-throughput virtual screening of nearly one billion compounds was performed, followed by rigorous filtering and re-docking. Eight best-scoring and chemically versatile lead candidates were identified. In molecular dynamics simulations, three of these ligands showed stable protein-ligand complexes occupying the 2-EPRO channel pore. Among these, ZINC001799167680 (L3) and ZINC001081252239 (L2) exhibited the strongest binding affinity, with key interactions at residues ASN15, THR11 and GLU8 identified by Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area analysis. All ligands were compared with the known inhibitor rimantadine and showed stronger binding to the protein. These in silico results highlight the potential of focusing on the 2-EPRO ion channel in the development of novel COVID-19 therapeutics and pave the way for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
format Article
id doaj-art-ab04f54863e6480983121c6f77a25df2
institution Kabale University
issn 2001-0370
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
spelling doaj-art-ab04f54863e6480983121c6f77a25df22025-08-20T03:28:38ZengElsevierComputational and Structural Biotechnology Journal2001-03702025-01-01272823283110.1016/j.csbj.2025.06.036In silico determination of novel SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein ion channel inhibitorsNina Kobe0Lennart Dreisewerd1Matic Pavlin2Polona Kogovšek3Črtomir Podlipnik4Uroš Grošelj5Miha Lukšič6National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Večna pot 121, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, SloveniaUniversity of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia; National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, SI-1000, SloveniaNational Institute of Chemistry, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia; Faculty of Polymer Technology, Ozare 19, Slovenj Gradec, SI-2380, SloveniaNational Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Večna pot 121, Ljubljana, SI-1000, SloveniaUniversity of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana, SI-1000, SloveniaUniversity of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana, SI-1000, SloveniaUniversity of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia; Corresponding author.The SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein (2-EPRO), a viroporin crucial for viral pathogenesis, is a promising target for antiviral drug development as it is highly conserved and functionally important. Although it is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of COVID-19, it has often been overlooked in previous studies. In this study, a high-throughput virtual screening of nearly one billion compounds was performed, followed by rigorous filtering and re-docking. Eight best-scoring and chemically versatile lead candidates were identified. In molecular dynamics simulations, three of these ligands showed stable protein-ligand complexes occupying the 2-EPRO channel pore. Among these, ZINC001799167680 (L3) and ZINC001081252239 (L2) exhibited the strongest binding affinity, with key interactions at residues ASN15, THR11 and GLU8 identified by Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area analysis. All ligands were compared with the known inhibitor rimantadine and showed stronger binding to the protein. These in silico results highlight the potential of focusing on the 2-EPRO ion channel in the development of novel COVID-19 therapeutics and pave the way for further in vitro and in vivo studies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2001037025002557SARS-CoV-2 envelope proteinViroporinIon channelChannel blockersMolecular dynamics simulationsFree energy calculations
spellingShingle Nina Kobe
Lennart Dreisewerd
Matic Pavlin
Polona Kogovšek
Črtomir Podlipnik
Uroš Grošelj
Miha Lukšič
In silico determination of novel SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein ion channel inhibitors
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein
Viroporin
Ion channel
Channel blockers
Molecular dynamics simulations
Free energy calculations
title In silico determination of novel SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein ion channel inhibitors
title_full In silico determination of novel SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein ion channel inhibitors
title_fullStr In silico determination of novel SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein ion channel inhibitors
title_full_unstemmed In silico determination of novel SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein ion channel inhibitors
title_short In silico determination of novel SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein ion channel inhibitors
title_sort in silico determination of novel sars cov 2 envelope protein ion channel inhibitors
topic SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein
Viroporin
Ion channel
Channel blockers
Molecular dynamics simulations
Free energy calculations
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2001037025002557
work_keys_str_mv AT ninakobe insilicodeterminationofnovelsarscov2envelopeproteinionchannelinhibitors
AT lennartdreisewerd insilicodeterminationofnovelsarscov2envelopeproteinionchannelinhibitors
AT maticpavlin insilicodeterminationofnovelsarscov2envelopeproteinionchannelinhibitors
AT polonakogovsek insilicodeterminationofnovelsarscov2envelopeproteinionchannelinhibitors
AT crtomirpodlipnik insilicodeterminationofnovelsarscov2envelopeproteinionchannelinhibitors
AT urosgroselj insilicodeterminationofnovelsarscov2envelopeproteinionchannelinhibitors
AT mihaluksic insilicodeterminationofnovelsarscov2envelopeproteinionchannelinhibitors