Smart Drug Delivery Systems Based on Cyclodextrins and Chitosan for Cancer Therapy

Despite improvements in therapeutic approaches like immunotherapy and gene therapy, cancer still remains a serious threat to world health due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Limitations of conventional therapy include suboptimal targeting, multidrug resistance, and systemic toxicity. A ma...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Larisa Păduraru, Alina-Diana Panainte, Cătălina-Anișoara Peptu, Mihai Apostu, Mădălina Vieriu, Tudor Bibire, Alexandru Sava, Nela Bibire
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/4/564
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850144254688493568
author Larisa Păduraru
Alina-Diana Panainte
Cătălina-Anișoara Peptu
Mihai Apostu
Mădălina Vieriu
Tudor Bibire
Alexandru Sava
Nela Bibire
author_facet Larisa Păduraru
Alina-Diana Panainte
Cătălina-Anișoara Peptu
Mihai Apostu
Mădălina Vieriu
Tudor Bibire
Alexandru Sava
Nela Bibire
author_sort Larisa Păduraru
collection DOAJ
description Despite improvements in therapeutic approaches like immunotherapy and gene therapy, cancer still remains a serious threat to world health due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Limitations of conventional therapy include suboptimal targeting, multidrug resistance, and systemic toxicity. A major challenge in current oncology therapies is the development of new delivery methods for antineoplastic drugs that act directly on target. One approach involves the complexation of antitumor drugs with cyclodextrins (CDs) and chitosan (CS) as an attempt to counteract their primary limitations: low water solubility and bioavailability, diminished in vitro and in vivo stability, and high dose-dependent toxicity. All those drawbacks may potentially exclude some therapeutic candidates from clinical trials, thus their integration into smart delivery systems or drug-targeting technologies must be implemented. We intended to overview new drug delivery systems based on chitosan or cyclodextrins with regard to the current diagnosis and cancer management. This narrative review encompasses full-length articles published in English between 2019 and 2025 (including online ahead of print versions) in PubMed-indexed journals, focusing on recent research on the encapsulation of diverse antitumor drugs within those nanosystems that exhibit responsiveness to various stimuli such as pH, redox potential, and folate receptor levels, thereby enhancing the release of bioactive compounds at tumor sites. The majority of the cited references focus on the most notable research, studies of novel applications, and scientific advancements in the field of nanostructures and functional materials employed in oncological therapies over the last six years. Certainly, there are additional stimuli with research potential that can facilitate the drug’s release upon activation, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), various enzymes, ATP level, or hypoxia; however, our review exclusively addresses the aforementioned stimuli presented in a comprehensive manner.
format Article
id doaj-art-ab03eea6ff3e481d972dabfac9db3cfc
institution OA Journals
issn 1424-8247
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Pharmaceuticals
spelling doaj-art-ab03eea6ff3e481d972dabfac9db3cfc2025-08-20T02:28:25ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-04-0118456410.3390/ph18040564Smart Drug Delivery Systems Based on Cyclodextrins and Chitosan for Cancer TherapyLarisa Păduraru0Alina-Diana Panainte1Cătălina-Anișoara Peptu2Mihai Apostu3Mădălina Vieriu4Tudor Bibire5Alexandru Sava6Nela Bibire7Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Iasi, 16th Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Iasi, 16th Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 71st Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Iasi, 16th Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Iasi, 16th Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania“St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 1st Independentei Blvd., 700111 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Iasi, 16th Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Iasi, 16th Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, RomaniaDespite improvements in therapeutic approaches like immunotherapy and gene therapy, cancer still remains a serious threat to world health due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Limitations of conventional therapy include suboptimal targeting, multidrug resistance, and systemic toxicity. A major challenge in current oncology therapies is the development of new delivery methods for antineoplastic drugs that act directly on target. One approach involves the complexation of antitumor drugs with cyclodextrins (CDs) and chitosan (CS) as an attempt to counteract their primary limitations: low water solubility and bioavailability, diminished in vitro and in vivo stability, and high dose-dependent toxicity. All those drawbacks may potentially exclude some therapeutic candidates from clinical trials, thus their integration into smart delivery systems or drug-targeting technologies must be implemented. We intended to overview new drug delivery systems based on chitosan or cyclodextrins with regard to the current diagnosis and cancer management. This narrative review encompasses full-length articles published in English between 2019 and 2025 (including online ahead of print versions) in PubMed-indexed journals, focusing on recent research on the encapsulation of diverse antitumor drugs within those nanosystems that exhibit responsiveness to various stimuli such as pH, redox potential, and folate receptor levels, thereby enhancing the release of bioactive compounds at tumor sites. The majority of the cited references focus on the most notable research, studies of novel applications, and scientific advancements in the field of nanostructures and functional materials employed in oncological therapies over the last six years. Certainly, there are additional stimuli with research potential that can facilitate the drug’s release upon activation, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), various enzymes, ATP level, or hypoxia; however, our review exclusively addresses the aforementioned stimuli presented in a comprehensive manner.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/4/564cyclodextrinschitosannanoparticlesanticancerfolate receptorsbiopolymers
spellingShingle Larisa Păduraru
Alina-Diana Panainte
Cătălina-Anișoara Peptu
Mihai Apostu
Mădălina Vieriu
Tudor Bibire
Alexandru Sava
Nela Bibire
Smart Drug Delivery Systems Based on Cyclodextrins and Chitosan for Cancer Therapy
Pharmaceuticals
cyclodextrins
chitosan
nanoparticles
anticancer
folate receptors
biopolymers
title Smart Drug Delivery Systems Based on Cyclodextrins and Chitosan for Cancer Therapy
title_full Smart Drug Delivery Systems Based on Cyclodextrins and Chitosan for Cancer Therapy
title_fullStr Smart Drug Delivery Systems Based on Cyclodextrins and Chitosan for Cancer Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Smart Drug Delivery Systems Based on Cyclodextrins and Chitosan for Cancer Therapy
title_short Smart Drug Delivery Systems Based on Cyclodextrins and Chitosan for Cancer Therapy
title_sort smart drug delivery systems based on cyclodextrins and chitosan for cancer therapy
topic cyclodextrins
chitosan
nanoparticles
anticancer
folate receptors
biopolymers
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/4/564
work_keys_str_mv AT larisapaduraru smartdrugdeliverysystemsbasedoncyclodextrinsandchitosanforcancertherapy
AT alinadianapanainte smartdrugdeliverysystemsbasedoncyclodextrinsandchitosanforcancertherapy
AT catalinaanisoarapeptu smartdrugdeliverysystemsbasedoncyclodextrinsandchitosanforcancertherapy
AT mihaiapostu smartdrugdeliverysystemsbasedoncyclodextrinsandchitosanforcancertherapy
AT madalinavieriu smartdrugdeliverysystemsbasedoncyclodextrinsandchitosanforcancertherapy
AT tudorbibire smartdrugdeliverysystemsbasedoncyclodextrinsandchitosanforcancertherapy
AT alexandrusava smartdrugdeliverysystemsbasedoncyclodextrinsandchitosanforcancertherapy
AT nelabibire smartdrugdeliverysystemsbasedoncyclodextrinsandchitosanforcancertherapy