Identification and Characterization of Fiber Optic Imaging Bundle Structures in Endoscopic Fringe Projection Systems
Endoscopic fringe projection is used to perform inspections of hard-to-reach areas. In order to transfer fringe patterns from a projector to the specimens’ surface, fiber optic imaging bundles (FOIB) can be employed. To ensure maximum accessibility, a highly flexible FOIB is needed. Therefore, the n...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Jannis Drangmeister Markus Kästner Eduard Reithmeier |
| author_facet | Jannis Drangmeister Markus Kästner Eduard Reithmeier |
| author_sort | Jannis Drangmeister |
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| description | Endoscopic fringe projection is used to perform inspections of hard-to-reach areas. In order to transfer fringe patterns from a projector to the specimens’ surface, fiber optic imaging bundles (FOIB) can be employed. To ensure maximum accessibility, a highly flexible FOIB is needed. Therefore, the number of individual fibers has to be minimized, which affects the quality of the fringe pattern. This paper presents methods and results for projecting a high frequency pattern despite a small number of fibers by adapting the FOIBs’ structure. First, the spatial structure of the FOIB is identified with regard to the projector pixels. By determining their center, it is possible to address individual fibers. It will be shown that the peak values of spots produced by individual fibers behave nonlinearly according to the modulated intensity. Furthermore, the intensity distribution within the spots changes. By recording the intensity curves, the presented algorithm is able to adapt the fringe pattern in orientation and intensity. This leads, especially for high frequency patterns, to an improved amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab0309b8d5ca4f96ae85481355aa3acb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-ab0309b8d5ca4f96ae85481355aa3acb2025-08-20T03:46:46ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012511330510.3390/s25113305Identification and Characterization of Fiber Optic Imaging Bundle Structures in Endoscopic Fringe Projection SystemsJannis Drangmeister0Markus Kästner1Eduard Reithmeier2Institute of Measurement and Automatic Control, Stiftung Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 1, D-30823 Garbsen, GermanyInstitute of Measurement and Automatic Control, Stiftung Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 1, D-30823 Garbsen, GermanyInstitute of Measurement and Automatic Control, Stiftung Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 1, D-30823 Garbsen, GermanyEndoscopic fringe projection is used to perform inspections of hard-to-reach areas. In order to transfer fringe patterns from a projector to the specimens’ surface, fiber optic imaging bundles (FOIB) can be employed. To ensure maximum accessibility, a highly flexible FOIB is needed. Therefore, the number of individual fibers has to be minimized, which affects the quality of the fringe pattern. This paper presents methods and results for projecting a high frequency pattern despite a small number of fibers by adapting the FOIBs’ structure. First, the spatial structure of the FOIB is identified with regard to the projector pixels. By determining their center, it is possible to address individual fibers. It will be shown that the peak values of spots produced by individual fibers behave nonlinearly according to the modulated intensity. Furthermore, the intensity distribution within the spots changes. By recording the intensity curves, the presented algorithm is able to adapt the fringe pattern in orientation and intensity. This leads, especially for high frequency patterns, to an improved amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3305endoscopic fringe projectionfiber optic imaging bundlesfringe pattern optimization |
| spellingShingle | Jannis Drangmeister Markus Kästner Eduard Reithmeier Identification and Characterization of Fiber Optic Imaging Bundle Structures in Endoscopic Fringe Projection Systems Sensors endoscopic fringe projection fiber optic imaging bundles fringe pattern optimization |
| title | Identification and Characterization of Fiber Optic Imaging Bundle Structures in Endoscopic Fringe Projection Systems |
| title_full | Identification and Characterization of Fiber Optic Imaging Bundle Structures in Endoscopic Fringe Projection Systems |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Characterization of Fiber Optic Imaging Bundle Structures in Endoscopic Fringe Projection Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Characterization of Fiber Optic Imaging Bundle Structures in Endoscopic Fringe Projection Systems |
| title_short | Identification and Characterization of Fiber Optic Imaging Bundle Structures in Endoscopic Fringe Projection Systems |
| title_sort | identification and characterization of fiber optic imaging bundle structures in endoscopic fringe projection systems |
| topic | endoscopic fringe projection fiber optic imaging bundles fringe pattern optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3305 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jannisdrangmeister identificationandcharacterizationoffiberopticimagingbundlestructuresinendoscopicfringeprojectionsystems AT markuskastner identificationandcharacterizationoffiberopticimagingbundlestructuresinendoscopicfringeprojectionsystems AT eduardreithmeier identificationandcharacterizationoffiberopticimagingbundlestructuresinendoscopicfringeprojectionsystems |