Harnessing Filamentous Fungi for Enzyme Cocktail Production Through Rice Bran Bioprocessing
Valorization of agri-food residues has garnered significant interest for obtaining value-added compounds such as enzymes or bioactive molecules. Rice milling by-products, such as rice bran, have limited commercial value and may pose environmental challenges. Filamentous fungi are recognized for thei...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Ana M. Yélamos Jose F. Marcos Paloma Manzanares Sandra Garrigues |
| author_facet | Ana M. Yélamos Jose F. Marcos Paloma Manzanares Sandra Garrigues |
| author_sort | Ana M. Yélamos |
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| description | Valorization of agri-food residues has garnered significant interest for obtaining value-added compounds such as enzymes or bioactive molecules. Rice milling by-products, such as rice bran, have limited commercial value and may pose environmental challenges. Filamentous fungi are recognized for their ability to grow on residues and for their capacity to produce large amounts of metabolites and enzymes of industrial interest. Here, we used filamentous fungi to produce enzyme cocktails from rice bran, which, due to its polysaccharide composition, serves as an ideal substrate for the growth of fungi producing cellulases and xylanases. To this end, sixteen fungal strains were isolated from rice bran and identified at the species level. The species belonged to the genera <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>, and <i>Mucor</i>. The <i>Aspergillus</i> species displayed the highest efficiency in cellulase and xylanase activities, especially <i>A. niger</i> var. <i>phoenicis</i> and <i>A. amstelodami</i>. <i>A. terreus</i>, <i>A. tritici</i>, and <i>A. montevidensis</i> stood out as xylanolytic isolates, while <i>P. parvofructum</i> exhibited good cellulase activity. <i>A. niger</i> var. <i>phoenicis</i> followed by <i>A. terreus</i> showed the highest specific enzymatic activities of α- and β-D-galactosidase, α-L-arabinofuranosidase, α- and β-D-glucosidase, and β-D-xylosidase. Additionally, proteomic analysis of <i>A. terreus</i>, <i>A. niger</i> var. <i>phoenicis</i>, and <i>P. parvofructum</i> exoproteomes revealed differences in enzyme production for rice bran degradation. <i>A. niger</i> var. <i>phoenicis</i> had the highest levels of xylanases and cellulases, while <i>P. parvofructum</i> excelled in proteases, starch-degrading enzymes, and antifungal proteins. Finally, two <i>Penicillium</i> isolates were notable as producers of up to three different antifungal proteins. Our results demonstrate that filamentous fungi can effectively valorize rice bran by producing enzyme cocktails of industrial interest, along with bioactive peptides, in a cost-efficient manner, aligning with the circular bio-economy framework. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ab01a618b5ab45df85f42832ef1ad6a52025-08-20T02:04:01ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2025-01-0111210610.3390/jof11020106Harnessing Filamentous Fungi for Enzyme Cocktail Production Through Rice Bran BioprocessingAna M. Yélamos0Jose F. Marcos1Paloma Manzanares2Sandra Garrigues3Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980, Valencia, SpainFood Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980, Valencia, SpainFood Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980, Valencia, SpainFood Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980, Valencia, SpainValorization of agri-food residues has garnered significant interest for obtaining value-added compounds such as enzymes or bioactive molecules. Rice milling by-products, such as rice bran, have limited commercial value and may pose environmental challenges. Filamentous fungi are recognized for their ability to grow on residues and for their capacity to produce large amounts of metabolites and enzymes of industrial interest. Here, we used filamentous fungi to produce enzyme cocktails from rice bran, which, due to its polysaccharide composition, serves as an ideal substrate for the growth of fungi producing cellulases and xylanases. To this end, sixteen fungal strains were isolated from rice bran and identified at the species level. The species belonged to the genera <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>, and <i>Mucor</i>. The <i>Aspergillus</i> species displayed the highest efficiency in cellulase and xylanase activities, especially <i>A. niger</i> var. <i>phoenicis</i> and <i>A. amstelodami</i>. <i>A. terreus</i>, <i>A. tritici</i>, and <i>A. montevidensis</i> stood out as xylanolytic isolates, while <i>P. parvofructum</i> exhibited good cellulase activity. <i>A. niger</i> var. <i>phoenicis</i> followed by <i>A. terreus</i> showed the highest specific enzymatic activities of α- and β-D-galactosidase, α-L-arabinofuranosidase, α- and β-D-glucosidase, and β-D-xylosidase. Additionally, proteomic analysis of <i>A. terreus</i>, <i>A. niger</i> var. <i>phoenicis</i>, and <i>P. parvofructum</i> exoproteomes revealed differences in enzyme production for rice bran degradation. <i>A. niger</i> var. <i>phoenicis</i> had the highest levels of xylanases and cellulases, while <i>P. parvofructum</i> excelled in proteases, starch-degrading enzymes, and antifungal proteins. Finally, two <i>Penicillium</i> isolates were notable as producers of up to three different antifungal proteins. Our results demonstrate that filamentous fungi can effectively valorize rice bran by producing enzyme cocktails of industrial interest, along with bioactive peptides, in a cost-efficient manner, aligning with the circular bio-economy framework.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/2/106<i>Aspergillus</i><i>Penicillium</i>cellulasesxylanasesbioactive peptidesantifungal proteins |
| spellingShingle | Ana M. Yélamos Jose F. Marcos Paloma Manzanares Sandra Garrigues Harnessing Filamentous Fungi for Enzyme Cocktail Production Through Rice Bran Bioprocessing Journal of Fungi <i>Aspergillus</i> <i>Penicillium</i> cellulases xylanases bioactive peptides antifungal proteins |
| title | Harnessing Filamentous Fungi for Enzyme Cocktail Production Through Rice Bran Bioprocessing |
| title_full | Harnessing Filamentous Fungi for Enzyme Cocktail Production Through Rice Bran Bioprocessing |
| title_fullStr | Harnessing Filamentous Fungi for Enzyme Cocktail Production Through Rice Bran Bioprocessing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Harnessing Filamentous Fungi for Enzyme Cocktail Production Through Rice Bran Bioprocessing |
| title_short | Harnessing Filamentous Fungi for Enzyme Cocktail Production Through Rice Bran Bioprocessing |
| title_sort | harnessing filamentous fungi for enzyme cocktail production through rice bran bioprocessing |
| topic | <i>Aspergillus</i> <i>Penicillium</i> cellulases xylanases bioactive peptides antifungal proteins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/2/106 |
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