Seasonal variation of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in two different geographical localities in Benin
Abstract Background Microsporidia MB, a naturally occurring Anopheles symbiont was shown to strongly impair Plasmodium transmission without imposing deleterious fitness effects on larval development, fecundity, adult survival, and adult sex ratio, and for these reasons it is being proposed as a prom...
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2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05247-3 |
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| author | Genevieve Tchigossou Michel Lontsi-Demano Eric Tossou Pierre-Marie Sovegnon Romaric Akoton Danahe Adanzounon Camille Dossou Massioudou Koto Azarath Ogbon Marie Gouété Godfrey Nattoh Rousseau Djouaka |
| author_facet | Genevieve Tchigossou Michel Lontsi-Demano Eric Tossou Pierre-Marie Sovegnon Romaric Akoton Danahe Adanzounon Camille Dossou Massioudou Koto Azarath Ogbon Marie Gouété Godfrey Nattoh Rousseau Djouaka |
| author_sort | Genevieve Tchigossou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Microsporidia MB, a naturally occurring Anopheles symbiont was shown to strongly impair Plasmodium transmission without imposing deleterious fitness effects on larval development, fecundity, adult survival, and adult sex ratio, and for these reasons it is being proposed as a promising tool for malaria control. However, there is a limited knowledge about its ecology, transmission dynamics in the environments with varying abiotic conditions, and whether these could impact on the mode of host transmission. This study aimed to determine the presence and prevalence of Microsporidia MB in rice fields in Benin during both the dry and wet seasons. Methods Anopheles larvae and adults were collected from rice fields and houses around rice fields in two locations (Koussin-Lélé and Magoumi). The collections took place during both the dry and wet seasons. The larvae and adults were molecularly identified to species level using molecular techniques and they were also screened for the presence of Microsporidia MB using PCR following standard protocols. Moreover, breeding sites were also analysed. Results The species identification results revealed that Anopheles coluzzii was the main species in Koussin-Lélé, accounting for 100% of the 1718 samples, while Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) was predominant in Magoumi accounting for 98.17% of the 986 samples. In Koussin-Lélé, Microsporidia MB prevalence of 14% (n = 276) was observed, whereas in Magoumi, only two samples (0.3%) were tested positive out of 667 screened in the dry season. During the wet season, the prevalence of Microsporidia MB symbiont was low with rates of 0.7% (5) in Koussin-Lélé and 0.6% (8) in Magoumi. However, the prevalence was relatively moderate in adult field collected mosquitoes with 3.09% (n = 1554) followed by larvae samples with 2.93% (n = 682) and adults emerged from field-collected larvae with 2.67% (n = 1235). Analysis of breeding sites revealed high concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and copper in Magoumi during the dry season, which was associated with a low prevalence of Microsporidia MB symbiont in this area. In the wet season, high concentrations of lead and nitrate were recorded in Koussin-Lélé with high concentration of copper in Magoumi, and both localities showed low prevalence of Microsporidia MB infection. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of Microsporidia MB symbiont in Benin during the dry season. Further investigations might be necessary, and modelling of the prevalence and characteristics of breeding sites could help predict the presence of this symbiont in other locations and countries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aafdd3a4eda247d8b09ffa0b610fbba4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-aafdd3a4eda247d8b09ffa0b610fbba42025-08-20T03:40:44ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752025-03-012411910.1186/s12936-025-05247-3Seasonal variation of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in two different geographical localities in BeninGenevieve Tchigossou0Michel Lontsi-Demano1Eric Tossou2Pierre-Marie Sovegnon3Romaric Akoton4Danahe Adanzounon5Camille Dossou6Massioudou Koto7Azarath Ogbon8Marie Gouété9Godfrey Nattoh10Rousseau Djouaka11Agroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin)Agroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin)Agroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin)Institut Regional en Santé PubliqueFondation pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS)Agroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin)University of Abomey-CalaviAgroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin)Agroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin)Agroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin)Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research InstituteAgroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin)Abstract Background Microsporidia MB, a naturally occurring Anopheles symbiont was shown to strongly impair Plasmodium transmission without imposing deleterious fitness effects on larval development, fecundity, adult survival, and adult sex ratio, and for these reasons it is being proposed as a promising tool for malaria control. However, there is a limited knowledge about its ecology, transmission dynamics in the environments with varying abiotic conditions, and whether these could impact on the mode of host transmission. This study aimed to determine the presence and prevalence of Microsporidia MB in rice fields in Benin during both the dry and wet seasons. Methods Anopheles larvae and adults were collected from rice fields and houses around rice fields in two locations (Koussin-Lélé and Magoumi). The collections took place during both the dry and wet seasons. The larvae and adults were molecularly identified to species level using molecular techniques and they were also screened for the presence of Microsporidia MB using PCR following standard protocols. Moreover, breeding sites were also analysed. Results The species identification results revealed that Anopheles coluzzii was the main species in Koussin-Lélé, accounting for 100% of the 1718 samples, while Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) was predominant in Magoumi accounting for 98.17% of the 986 samples. In Koussin-Lélé, Microsporidia MB prevalence of 14% (n = 276) was observed, whereas in Magoumi, only two samples (0.3%) were tested positive out of 667 screened in the dry season. During the wet season, the prevalence of Microsporidia MB symbiont was low with rates of 0.7% (5) in Koussin-Lélé and 0.6% (8) in Magoumi. However, the prevalence was relatively moderate in adult field collected mosquitoes with 3.09% (n = 1554) followed by larvae samples with 2.93% (n = 682) and adults emerged from field-collected larvae with 2.67% (n = 1235). Analysis of breeding sites revealed high concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and copper in Magoumi during the dry season, which was associated with a low prevalence of Microsporidia MB symbiont in this area. In the wet season, high concentrations of lead and nitrate were recorded in Koussin-Lélé with high concentration of copper in Magoumi, and both localities showed low prevalence of Microsporidia MB infection. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of Microsporidia MB symbiont in Benin during the dry season. Further investigations might be necessary, and modelling of the prevalence and characteristics of breeding sites could help predict the presence of this symbiont in other locations and countries.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05247-3Anopheles gambiaeMicrosporidia MBDryWetSeasonBenin |
| spellingShingle | Genevieve Tchigossou Michel Lontsi-Demano Eric Tossou Pierre-Marie Sovegnon Romaric Akoton Danahe Adanzounon Camille Dossou Massioudou Koto Azarath Ogbon Marie Gouété Godfrey Nattoh Rousseau Djouaka Seasonal variation of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in two different geographical localities in Benin Malaria Journal Anopheles gambiae Microsporidia MB Dry Wet Season Benin |
| title | Seasonal variation of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in two different geographical localities in Benin |
| title_full | Seasonal variation of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in two different geographical localities in Benin |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal variation of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in two different geographical localities in Benin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal variation of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in two different geographical localities in Benin |
| title_short | Seasonal variation of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in two different geographical localities in Benin |
| title_sort | seasonal variation of microsporidia mb infection in anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii in two different geographical localities in benin |
| topic | Anopheles gambiae Microsporidia MB Dry Wet Season Benin |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05247-3 |
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