The selection of priority control perfluorinated alkyl substances in drinking water source of Guangzhou, China, a case study based on health risks ranking

The health risk of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water always deserve attention, which involve the changing evaluation criteria and nonnegligible mixed exposure of multiple PFASs. Currently, the United States Environmental Protection Agency is reducing the maximum contaminant l...

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Main Authors: Jingru Zhang, Sijia Liu, Xuan Yu, Qianqian Yu, Lingyun Yu, Fanqi Jing, Han Zhang, Zhanlu Lv, Ling-Chuan Guo, Lulu Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325004282
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author Jingru Zhang
Sijia Liu
Xuan Yu
Qianqian Yu
Lingyun Yu
Fanqi Jing
Han Zhang
Zhanlu Lv
Ling-Chuan Guo
Lulu Zhang
author_facet Jingru Zhang
Sijia Liu
Xuan Yu
Qianqian Yu
Lingyun Yu
Fanqi Jing
Han Zhang
Zhanlu Lv
Ling-Chuan Guo
Lulu Zhang
author_sort Jingru Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The health risk of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water always deserve attention, which involve the changing evaluation criteria and nonnegligible mixed exposure of multiple PFASs. Currently, the United States Environmental Protection Agency is reducing the maximum contaminant levels. At the same time, insufficient attention to mixed exposure may underestimate the overall risks of PFASs in drinking water. To face these challenges, a scheme, which identify a priority towards the most problematic compounds and accurate manage PFASs in drinking water are warranted. Liuxi River drinking water source was taken as a case study, and the levels of 13 PFASs were analyzed. A data-driven ranking model, which considered new maximum contaminant levels and mixed exposure, was used to choose priority control PFASs. PFASs were divided into four levels according to their health risks and drinking water intake rate; the compounds at Level I (perfluorononanoic acid) need priority control, while compounds at Levels II (perfluorododecanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate, and perfluoroundecanoic acid) and Level III (perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorobutane sulfonate) deserve more attention. This study provides a solid scientific basis for selecting priority control PFASs in drinking water sources, for the purpose of adequately ensuring the safety of drinking water under the lowest management cost. The results also call for more consideration on feasibility of current standards of PFASs in drinking water.
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spelling doaj-art-aaf55ff06d134f8d96277b18f6fcc9002025-08-20T02:09:07ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-04-0129411809210.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118092The selection of priority control perfluorinated alkyl substances in drinking water source of Guangzhou, China, a case study based on health risks rankingJingru Zhang0Sijia Liu1Xuan Yu2Qianqian Yu3Lingyun Yu4Fanqi Jing5Han Zhang6Zhanlu Lv7Ling-Chuan Guo8Lulu Zhang9Laboratory of New Pollutants Risk Assessment and Control, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, ChinaLaboratory of New Pollutants Risk Assessment and Control, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, ChinaLaboratory of New Pollutants Risk Assessment and Control, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, ChinaLaboratory of New Pollutants Risk Assessment and Control, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, ChinaLaboratory of New Pollutants Risk Assessment and Control, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, ChinaLaboratory of New Pollutants Risk Assessment and Control, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Corresponding authors.Laboratory of New Pollutants Risk Assessment and Control, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China; Corresponding authors.The health risk of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water always deserve attention, which involve the changing evaluation criteria and nonnegligible mixed exposure of multiple PFASs. Currently, the United States Environmental Protection Agency is reducing the maximum contaminant levels. At the same time, insufficient attention to mixed exposure may underestimate the overall risks of PFASs in drinking water. To face these challenges, a scheme, which identify a priority towards the most problematic compounds and accurate manage PFASs in drinking water are warranted. Liuxi River drinking water source was taken as a case study, and the levels of 13 PFASs were analyzed. A data-driven ranking model, which considered new maximum contaminant levels and mixed exposure, was used to choose priority control PFASs. PFASs were divided into four levels according to their health risks and drinking water intake rate; the compounds at Level I (perfluorononanoic acid) need priority control, while compounds at Levels II (perfluorododecanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate, and perfluoroundecanoic acid) and Level III (perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorobutane sulfonate) deserve more attention. This study provides a solid scientific basis for selecting priority control PFASs in drinking water sources, for the purpose of adequately ensuring the safety of drinking water under the lowest management cost. The results also call for more consideration on feasibility of current standards of PFASs in drinking water.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325004282Perfluorinated alkyl substancesDrinking water safetyHealth risk rankingData driven modelPriority control compound
spellingShingle Jingru Zhang
Sijia Liu
Xuan Yu
Qianqian Yu
Lingyun Yu
Fanqi Jing
Han Zhang
Zhanlu Lv
Ling-Chuan Guo
Lulu Zhang
The selection of priority control perfluorinated alkyl substances in drinking water source of Guangzhou, China, a case study based on health risks ranking
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Perfluorinated alkyl substances
Drinking water safety
Health risk ranking
Data driven model
Priority control compound
title The selection of priority control perfluorinated alkyl substances in drinking water source of Guangzhou, China, a case study based on health risks ranking
title_full The selection of priority control perfluorinated alkyl substances in drinking water source of Guangzhou, China, a case study based on health risks ranking
title_fullStr The selection of priority control perfluorinated alkyl substances in drinking water source of Guangzhou, China, a case study based on health risks ranking
title_full_unstemmed The selection of priority control perfluorinated alkyl substances in drinking water source of Guangzhou, China, a case study based on health risks ranking
title_short The selection of priority control perfluorinated alkyl substances in drinking water source of Guangzhou, China, a case study based on health risks ranking
title_sort selection of priority control perfluorinated alkyl substances in drinking water source of guangzhou china a case study based on health risks ranking
topic Perfluorinated alkyl substances
Drinking water safety
Health risk ranking
Data driven model
Priority control compound
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325004282
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