Same data, different results? Machine learning approaches in bioacoustics

Same data, different results? Machine learning approaches in bioacoustics

Abstract Automated acoustic analysis is increasingly used in behavioural ecology, and determining caller identity is a key element for many investigations. However, variability in feature extraction and classification methods limits the comparability of results across species and studies, constraini...

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Main Authors: Kaja Wierucka, Derek Murphy, Stuart K. Watson, Nikola Falk, Claudia Fichtel, Julian León, Stephan T. Leu, Peter M. Kappeler, Elodie F. Briefer, Marta B. Manser, Nikhil Phaniraj, Marina Scheumann, Judith M. Burkart
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Subjects:
bioacoustics
call distinctiveness
individual identification
machine learning
method comparison
review
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.70091
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Summary:Abstract Automated acoustic analysis is increasingly used in behavioural ecology, and determining caller identity is a key element for many investigations. However, variability in feature extraction and classification methods limits the comparability of results across species and studies, constraining conclusions we can draw about the ecology and evolution of the groups under study. We investigated the impact of using different feature extraction (spectro‐temporal measurements, linear and Mel‐frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), as well as highly comparative time‐series analysis) and classification methods (discriminant function analysis, neural networks, random forests (RF), and support vector machines) on the consistency of caller identity classification accuracy across 16 mammalian datasets. We found that MFCCs and RFs yield consistently reliable results across datasets, facilitating a standardised approach across species that generates directly comparable data. These findings remained consistent across vocalisation sample sizes and number of individuals considered. We offer guidelines for processing and analysing mammalian vocalisations, fostering greater comparability and advancing our understanding of the evolutionary significance of acoustic communication in diverse mammalian species.
ISSN:2041-210X

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