Comparison of spherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in China

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare spherical equivalent (SE) and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in China, and to investigate the differences in SE and estimated prevalence of myopia between Han ethnicity and ethnic minorities in Yunnan....

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Main Authors: Tao Li, Xiandong Liu, Xiaodong Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1571470/full
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author Tao Li
Xiandong Liu
Xiaodong Zhou
Xiaodong Zhou
author_facet Tao Li
Xiandong Liu
Xiaodong Zhou
Xiaodong Zhou
author_sort Tao Li
collection DOAJ
description PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare spherical equivalent (SE) and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in China, and to investigate the differences in SE and estimated prevalence of myopia between Han ethnicity and ethnic minorities in Yunnan.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study, which enrolled one primary school and one junior high school in Shanghai, and two primary schools and two junior high schools in Yunnan in 2021. Refraction was measured using autorefractors without cycloplegia. Pearson correlation analysis, Chi-square test and multiple linear regression (MLR) were used for analysis.ResultsA total of 2,744 children in Shanghai and 1,769 children in Yunnan were examined, respectively. Less hyperopic SE was observed in Grades 1 and 2 in Shanghai compared to Yunnan (both P < 0.001). No significant difference in median SE between Han ethnicity and ethnic minorities in Yunnan was found in each grade (all P > 0.05). The estimated prevalence of myopia in Grades 1 (13.3% vs. 2.6%, P < 0.001) and 2 (16.1% vs. 7.6%, P = 0.003) were higher in Shanghai than in Yunnan, whereas the estimated prevalence of myopia of in Grade 7 (52.0% vs. 68.1%, P = 0.042) was lower in Han ethnicity than in ethnic minorities in Yunnan. MLR showed that the coefficient for age was −0.3351 (p < 0.001).ConclusionSpherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia of school-age children in Yunnan are similar to Shanghai. Furthermore, a similar situation exists between Han ethnicity and ethnic minorities.
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spelling doaj-art-aadba4fd63f8418badd8859c5ce9dee42025-08-20T01:49:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-05-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15714701571470Comparison of spherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in ChinaTao Li0Xiandong Liu1Xiaodong Zhou2Xiaodong Zhou3Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Zhenyuan People’s Hospital, Yunnan, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaJinshan District Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, ChinaPurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare spherical equivalent (SE) and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in China, and to investigate the differences in SE and estimated prevalence of myopia between Han ethnicity and ethnic minorities in Yunnan.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study, which enrolled one primary school and one junior high school in Shanghai, and two primary schools and two junior high schools in Yunnan in 2021. Refraction was measured using autorefractors without cycloplegia. Pearson correlation analysis, Chi-square test and multiple linear regression (MLR) were used for analysis.ResultsA total of 2,744 children in Shanghai and 1,769 children in Yunnan were examined, respectively. Less hyperopic SE was observed in Grades 1 and 2 in Shanghai compared to Yunnan (both P < 0.001). No significant difference in median SE between Han ethnicity and ethnic minorities in Yunnan was found in each grade (all P > 0.05). The estimated prevalence of myopia in Grades 1 (13.3% vs. 2.6%, P < 0.001) and 2 (16.1% vs. 7.6%, P = 0.003) were higher in Shanghai than in Yunnan, whereas the estimated prevalence of myopia of in Grade 7 (52.0% vs. 68.1%, P = 0.042) was lower in Han ethnicity than in ethnic minorities in Yunnan. MLR showed that the coefficient for age was −0.3351 (p < 0.001).ConclusionSpherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia of school-age children in Yunnan are similar to Shanghai. Furthermore, a similar situation exists between Han ethnicity and ethnic minorities.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1571470/fullspherical equivalentmyopia prevalenceHan ethnicityethnic minoritychildren
spellingShingle Tao Li
Xiandong Liu
Xiaodong Zhou
Xiaodong Zhou
Comparison of spherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in China
Frontiers in Medicine
spherical equivalent
myopia prevalence
Han ethnicity
ethnic minority
children
title Comparison of spherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in China
title_full Comparison of spherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in China
title_fullStr Comparison of spherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in China
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of spherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in China
title_short Comparison of spherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in China
title_sort comparison of spherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia in school age children between shanghai and yunnan in china
topic spherical equivalent
myopia prevalence
Han ethnicity
ethnic minority
children
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1571470/full
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