Correlation Between Levels of C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Ferritin in Covid-19 Patients Infected with Different Bacterial Species
Introduction: The fast dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 occurred swiftly across Iraq and various nations globally, leading to a widespread viral pandemic. C-reactive protein, Ferritin, and Ddimer have emerged as pivotal molecules within the immune system, playing a central role in coordinating cellular d...
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Bucharest College of Physicians
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Modern Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://medicinamoderna.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Correlation-Between-Levels-of-C-Reactive-Protein-D-Dimer-and-Ferritin-in-Covid-19-Patients-Infected-with-Different-Bacterial-Species.pdf |
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| author | Aqeel Abbas KAREEM Adnan Hamad AUBAID |
| author_facet | Aqeel Abbas KAREEM Adnan Hamad AUBAID |
| author_sort | Aqeel Abbas KAREEM |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The fast dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 occurred swiftly across Iraq and various nations globally, leading to a widespread viral pandemic. C-reactive protein, Ferritin, and Ddimer have emerged as pivotal molecules within the immune system, playing a central role in coordinating cellular defense mechanisms against inflammation. This study aimed to correlate the role of CRP, ferritin- and D-dimer parameters in patients of coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19) associated bacterial co-infection. Methods: Sputum and blood samples were collected from patients who diagnosed a COVID-19 by an internal medicine specialist and positive PCR test. The collected samples of sputum were inoculated on selective culture media, the isolated colonies were further subjected to subculture and identified using cultural and biochemical tests. Antibiogram testing was performed with selected antibiotics. An automated VITEK-2 compact system using AST-N222 cards and - chroma11
TM D-Dimer kits was used to determine the levels or titers of these parameters using ELISA and fluorescence Immunoassay (FIA) for the quantitative determination in human whole blood/serum /plasma according to manufacturing instructions. Results: the results revealed a significant rise in ferritin levels among individuals with moderate and severe diseases in comparison to those with mild cases. Among severe patients, ferritin levels were significantly higher than in non-severe cases (P=0.02). The mean C-Reactive protein levels were 92.54±68.94, 97.66±65.70, and 123.83±65.80 in Covid19 patients infected with M. catarrhalis, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumonia, respectively. The study showed levels of ferritin non-significant increase in patients infected with COVID-19 and K. pneumoniae when compared with other groups was none. Conclusion: In this study, the results proved the presence of an association between the elevated levels of tested biomarkers (CRP, Ferritin, D-dimer) in co-infection by bacteria of COVID-19 patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aad6292ee3ce45a9a28dfe4656e42930 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1223-0472 2360-2473 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Bucharest College of Physicians |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Modern Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-aad6292ee3ce45a9a28dfe4656e429302025-08-20T03:04:38ZengBucharest College of PhysiciansModern Medicine1223-04722360-24732024-12-0131431131610.31689/rmm.2024.31.4.311Correlation Between Levels of C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Ferritin in Covid-19 Patients Infected with Different Bacterial SpeciesAqeel Abbas KAREEM0Adnan Hamad AUBAID1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5187-0960Department of Clinical and Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq2 Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, IraqIntroduction: The fast dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 occurred swiftly across Iraq and various nations globally, leading to a widespread viral pandemic. C-reactive protein, Ferritin, and Ddimer have emerged as pivotal molecules within the immune system, playing a central role in coordinating cellular defense mechanisms against inflammation. This study aimed to correlate the role of CRP, ferritin- and D-dimer parameters in patients of coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19) associated bacterial co-infection. Methods: Sputum and blood samples were collected from patients who diagnosed a COVID-19 by an internal medicine specialist and positive PCR test. The collected samples of sputum were inoculated on selective culture media, the isolated colonies were further subjected to subculture and identified using cultural and biochemical tests. Antibiogram testing was performed with selected antibiotics. An automated VITEK-2 compact system using AST-N222 cards and - chroma11 TM D-Dimer kits was used to determine the levels or titers of these parameters using ELISA and fluorescence Immunoassay (FIA) for the quantitative determination in human whole blood/serum /plasma according to manufacturing instructions. Results: the results revealed a significant rise in ferritin levels among individuals with moderate and severe diseases in comparison to those with mild cases. Among severe patients, ferritin levels were significantly higher than in non-severe cases (P=0.02). The mean C-Reactive protein levels were 92.54±68.94, 97.66±65.70, and 123.83±65.80 in Covid19 patients infected with M. catarrhalis, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumonia, respectively. The study showed levels of ferritin non-significant increase in patients infected with COVID-19 and K. pneumoniae when compared with other groups was none. Conclusion: In this study, the results proved the presence of an association between the elevated levels of tested biomarkers (CRP, Ferritin, D-dimer) in co-infection by bacteria of COVID-19 patients.https://medicinamoderna.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Correlation-Between-Levels-of-C-Reactive-Protein-D-Dimer-and-Ferritin-in-Covid-19-Patients-Infected-with-Different-Bacterial-Species.pdfcrpferritind-dimerbacterial co-infectioncovid-19 |
| spellingShingle | Aqeel Abbas KAREEM Adnan Hamad AUBAID Correlation Between Levels of C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Ferritin in Covid-19 Patients Infected with Different Bacterial Species Modern Medicine crp ferritin d-dimer bacterial co-infection covid-19 |
| title | Correlation Between Levels of C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Ferritin in Covid-19 Patients Infected with Different Bacterial Species |
| title_full | Correlation Between Levels of C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Ferritin in Covid-19 Patients Infected with Different Bacterial Species |
| title_fullStr | Correlation Between Levels of C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Ferritin in Covid-19 Patients Infected with Different Bacterial Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correlation Between Levels of C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Ferritin in Covid-19 Patients Infected with Different Bacterial Species |
| title_short | Correlation Between Levels of C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Ferritin in Covid-19 Patients Infected with Different Bacterial Species |
| title_sort | correlation between levels of c reactive protein d dimer and ferritin in covid 19 patients infected with different bacterial species |
| topic | crp ferritin d-dimer bacterial co-infection covid-19 |
| url | https://medicinamoderna.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Correlation-Between-Levels-of-C-Reactive-Protein-D-Dimer-and-Ferritin-in-Covid-19-Patients-Infected-with-Different-Bacterial-Species.pdf |
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