Carbohydrate (CHO) Intake and Quality during Adolescence and Association with HOMA2-IR in Adulthood—The Role of the Chronotype
Background/objectives: Adolescence is associated with two risk markers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): insulin resistance and lateness in chronotype. Hence, negative eating behavior during adolescence may increase the future risk of T2DM. We investigated the prospective relevance of carbohydrate...
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| author | Nicole Jankovic Bianca Stutz Bettina Krueger Christian Herder Stefan A. Wudy Anette Buyken Ute Alexy |
| author_facet | Nicole Jankovic Bianca Stutz Bettina Krueger Christian Herder Stefan A. Wudy Anette Buyken Ute Alexy |
| author_sort | Nicole Jankovic |
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| description | Background/objectives: Adolescence is associated with two risk markers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): insulin resistance and lateness in chronotype. Hence, negative eating behavior during adolescence may increase the future risk of T2DM. We investigated the prospective relevance of carbohydrates (CHO) from high GI sources consumed in the morning and in the evening during adolescence for HOMA2-IR in young adulthood and the role of chronotypes. Methods: Examinations of subjects were performed at the DONALD study centre. Participants provided at least two 3-day weighed dietary records (median = 7 records) during adolescence and one blood sample in young adulthood. CHO quality was classified as low (<55) and moderate (≥55) according to the Glycemic Index. Chronotype was assessed with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and defined as age- and sex-adjusted midpoint of sleep on free days corrected for sleep debt on workdays (MSFsc) using all measurements from adolescence up to young adulthood, applying regression analyses. Earlier and later chronotypes were based on the averaged median values of MSFsc. We used the HOMA2 calculator (University of Oxford) to define HOMA2-IR from fasting insulin and glucose measures. Multivariable regression analyses (including, e.g., age, sex, BMI-SDS, physical activity and energy) assessed the longitudinal associations of interest. Testing for trend calculations were based on median values per tertile. We assessed interactions by chronotype and additionally stratified the data according to chronotype. Results: A total of N = 224 (♀ n = 58%) participants with a median (Q1:Q3) age of 12 (12:13) yrs during adolescence and 22 (18:26) yrs at blood withdrawal were included. Stratified analyses by chronotype were not different and there was no significant interaction (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Only the residual of adolescent CHO consumption in the morning (<11:00 hh:mm) was significantly, inversely associated with adult HOMA2-IR (lsmeans HOMA2-IR T1: 2.96 (2.41–3.55) vs. T3: 1.95 (1.54–2.41), <i>p</i> for trend = 0.01). Discussion: Our data suggest that the consumption of CHO in the morning decreases HOMA2-IR independent of chronotypeThe results presented in this article are part of a research project funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)-AL 1794/1–2. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-aad43ba626cd49a8b44d94313bf6e0f02025-08-20T02:42:29ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002024-01-0191111910.3390/proceedings2023091119Carbohydrate (CHO) Intake and Quality during Adolescence and Association with HOMA2-IR in Adulthood—The Role of the ChronotypeNicole Jankovic0Bianca Stutz1Bettina Krueger2Christian Herder3Stefan A. Wudy4Anette Buyken5Ute Alexy6DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, GermanyFaculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, GermanyFaculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, GermanyInstitute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyPediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Peptide Hormone Research Unit, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, GermanyFaculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, GermanyDONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, GermanyBackground/objectives: Adolescence is associated with two risk markers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): insulin resistance and lateness in chronotype. Hence, negative eating behavior during adolescence may increase the future risk of T2DM. We investigated the prospective relevance of carbohydrates (CHO) from high GI sources consumed in the morning and in the evening during adolescence for HOMA2-IR in young adulthood and the role of chronotypes. Methods: Examinations of subjects were performed at the DONALD study centre. Participants provided at least two 3-day weighed dietary records (median = 7 records) during adolescence and one blood sample in young adulthood. CHO quality was classified as low (<55) and moderate (≥55) according to the Glycemic Index. Chronotype was assessed with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and defined as age- and sex-adjusted midpoint of sleep on free days corrected for sleep debt on workdays (MSFsc) using all measurements from adolescence up to young adulthood, applying regression analyses. Earlier and later chronotypes were based on the averaged median values of MSFsc. We used the HOMA2 calculator (University of Oxford) to define HOMA2-IR from fasting insulin and glucose measures. Multivariable regression analyses (including, e.g., age, sex, BMI-SDS, physical activity and energy) assessed the longitudinal associations of interest. Testing for trend calculations were based on median values per tertile. We assessed interactions by chronotype and additionally stratified the data according to chronotype. Results: A total of N = 224 (♀ n = 58%) participants with a median (Q1:Q3) age of 12 (12:13) yrs during adolescence and 22 (18:26) yrs at blood withdrawal were included. Stratified analyses by chronotype were not different and there was no significant interaction (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Only the residual of adolescent CHO consumption in the morning (<11:00 hh:mm) was significantly, inversely associated with adult HOMA2-IR (lsmeans HOMA2-IR T1: 2.96 (2.41–3.55) vs. T3: 1.95 (1.54–2.41), <i>p</i> for trend = 0.01). Discussion: Our data suggest that the consumption of CHO in the morning decreases HOMA2-IR independent of chronotypeThe results presented in this article are part of a research project funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)-AL 1794/1–2.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/119carbohydratesglycemic indexadolescentschronotypetype 2 diabetes mellitus |
| spellingShingle | Nicole Jankovic Bianca Stutz Bettina Krueger Christian Herder Stefan A. Wudy Anette Buyken Ute Alexy Carbohydrate (CHO) Intake and Quality during Adolescence and Association with HOMA2-IR in Adulthood—The Role of the Chronotype Proceedings carbohydrates glycemic index adolescents chronotype type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title | Carbohydrate (CHO) Intake and Quality during Adolescence and Association with HOMA2-IR in Adulthood—The Role of the Chronotype |
| title_full | Carbohydrate (CHO) Intake and Quality during Adolescence and Association with HOMA2-IR in Adulthood—The Role of the Chronotype |
| title_fullStr | Carbohydrate (CHO) Intake and Quality during Adolescence and Association with HOMA2-IR in Adulthood—The Role of the Chronotype |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbohydrate (CHO) Intake and Quality during Adolescence and Association with HOMA2-IR in Adulthood—The Role of the Chronotype |
| title_short | Carbohydrate (CHO) Intake and Quality during Adolescence and Association with HOMA2-IR in Adulthood—The Role of the Chronotype |
| title_sort | carbohydrate cho intake and quality during adolescence and association with homa2 ir in adulthood the role of the chronotype |
| topic | carbohydrates glycemic index adolescents chronotype type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/119 |
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