Rapid Microwave Irradiation-Enhanced Detoxification and Mineralization of Cr(VI) by FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI Composites
The rapid detoxification and mineralization of Cr(VI) in aqueous environments hold critical importance for emergency response and resource recovery yet remain technically challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI composites through ethanol-assisted wet ball-mill...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Metals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/4/395 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850180529400315904 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiaoming Zhang Haiying Wang Mengying Si Qi Liao Zhihui Yang Qi Li Weichun Yang |
| author_facet | Xiaoming Zhang Haiying Wang Mengying Si Qi Liao Zhihui Yang Qi Li Weichun Yang |
| author_sort | Xiaoming Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapid detoxification and mineralization of Cr(VI) in aqueous environments hold critical importance for emergency response and resource recovery yet remain technically challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI composites through ethanol-assisted wet ball-milling and their application in Cr(VI) removal under microwave (MW) irradiation. This study systematically investigates the effects of MW irradiation on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) using FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI composites, with particular focus on key parameters including composite dosage, initial pH, MW temperature, and Cr(VI) concentration. Notably, 1 g/L FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI composites achieved near-complete removal (>99%) of 50 mg/L Cr(VI) within 7 min at a MW irradiation temperature of 333 K, which exhibited 5.9-fold and 13.1-fold superior performance compared to pure pyrite and ZVI, respectively. Additionally, there is a 96.1% reduction in reaction time in comparison to non-MW irradiation system. In real electroplating wastewater samples, Cr(VI) concentration was reduced from 38.93 to 0.42 mg L<sup>−1</sup> by MW irradiation-assisted treatment, validating its potential for practical applications in industrial Cr(VI) pollution control. The activation energy determined by fitting the Arrhenius equation showed a 39.7% reduction for the MW-assisted FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI system (16.0 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>) compared to conventional thermal heating (from 25.6 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>), indicating that MW irradiation induced catalytic enhancement of FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI, thereby lowering the energy barrier for Cr(VI) reduction. Moreover, MW irradiation-assisted processes facilitated the mineralization of reduced Cr(III) to stable spinel FeCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. These findings collectively establish a synergistic mechanism between MW activation and FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI composites, offering innovative pathways for efficient Cr(VI) detoxification and resource recovery from high-strength industrial wastewaters. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aacb0be81c7b44a797e05ecc1ba7d362 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj-art-aacb0be81c7b44a797e05ecc1ba7d3622025-08-20T02:18:09ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-04-0115439510.3390/met15040395Rapid Microwave Irradiation-Enhanced Detoxification and Mineralization of Cr(VI) by FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI CompositesXiaoming Zhang0Haiying Wang1Mengying Si2Qi Liao3Zhihui Yang4Qi Li5Weichun Yang6School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaThe rapid detoxification and mineralization of Cr(VI) in aqueous environments hold critical importance for emergency response and resource recovery yet remain technically challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI composites through ethanol-assisted wet ball-milling and their application in Cr(VI) removal under microwave (MW) irradiation. This study systematically investigates the effects of MW irradiation on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) using FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI composites, with particular focus on key parameters including composite dosage, initial pH, MW temperature, and Cr(VI) concentration. Notably, 1 g/L FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI composites achieved near-complete removal (>99%) of 50 mg/L Cr(VI) within 7 min at a MW irradiation temperature of 333 K, which exhibited 5.9-fold and 13.1-fold superior performance compared to pure pyrite and ZVI, respectively. Additionally, there is a 96.1% reduction in reaction time in comparison to non-MW irradiation system. In real electroplating wastewater samples, Cr(VI) concentration was reduced from 38.93 to 0.42 mg L<sup>−1</sup> by MW irradiation-assisted treatment, validating its potential for practical applications in industrial Cr(VI) pollution control. The activation energy determined by fitting the Arrhenius equation showed a 39.7% reduction for the MW-assisted FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI system (16.0 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>) compared to conventional thermal heating (from 25.6 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>), indicating that MW irradiation induced catalytic enhancement of FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI, thereby lowering the energy barrier for Cr(VI) reduction. Moreover, MW irradiation-assisted processes facilitated the mineralization of reduced Cr(III) to stable spinel FeCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. These findings collectively establish a synergistic mechanism between MW activation and FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI composites, offering innovative pathways for efficient Cr(VI) detoxification and resource recovery from high-strength industrial wastewaters.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/4/395FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI compositesmicrowave irradiationCr(VI) reductionmineralizationactivation energies |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoming Zhang Haiying Wang Mengying Si Qi Liao Zhihui Yang Qi Li Weichun Yang Rapid Microwave Irradiation-Enhanced Detoxification and Mineralization of Cr(VI) by FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI Composites Metals FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI composites microwave irradiation Cr(VI) reduction mineralization activation energies |
| title | Rapid Microwave Irradiation-Enhanced Detoxification and Mineralization of Cr(VI) by FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI Composites |
| title_full | Rapid Microwave Irradiation-Enhanced Detoxification and Mineralization of Cr(VI) by FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI Composites |
| title_fullStr | Rapid Microwave Irradiation-Enhanced Detoxification and Mineralization of Cr(VI) by FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid Microwave Irradiation-Enhanced Detoxification and Mineralization of Cr(VI) by FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI Composites |
| title_short | Rapid Microwave Irradiation-Enhanced Detoxification and Mineralization of Cr(VI) by FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI Composites |
| title_sort | rapid microwave irradiation enhanced detoxification and mineralization of cr vi by fes sub 2 sub zvi composites |
| topic | FeS<sub>2</sub>/ZVI composites microwave irradiation Cr(VI) reduction mineralization activation energies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/4/395 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaomingzhang rapidmicrowaveirradiationenhanceddetoxificationandmineralizationofcrvibyfessub2subzvicomposites AT haiyingwang rapidmicrowaveirradiationenhanceddetoxificationandmineralizationofcrvibyfessub2subzvicomposites AT mengyingsi rapidmicrowaveirradiationenhanceddetoxificationandmineralizationofcrvibyfessub2subzvicomposites AT qiliao rapidmicrowaveirradiationenhanceddetoxificationandmineralizationofcrvibyfessub2subzvicomposites AT zhihuiyang rapidmicrowaveirradiationenhanceddetoxificationandmineralizationofcrvibyfessub2subzvicomposites AT qili rapidmicrowaveirradiationenhanceddetoxificationandmineralizationofcrvibyfessub2subzvicomposites AT weichunyang rapidmicrowaveirradiationenhanceddetoxificationandmineralizationofcrvibyfessub2subzvicomposites |