Methodology for Determining the Effective Thickness of the Cemented Layer of Steel
Highly loaded transmission gears are cemented and hardened. An important parameter of the hardened cemented layer is its effective thickness hef . Metal banding and the unavoidable instrumental error in hardness measuring have a great influence on the reliability of hef determination. The purpose of...
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Belarusian National Technical University
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Приборы и методы измерений |
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| Online Access: | https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/827 |
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| author | S. G. Sandomirski A. L. Val’ko S. P. Rudenko |
| author_facet | S. G. Sandomirski A. L. Val’ko S. P. Rudenko |
| author_sort | S. G. Sandomirski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Highly loaded transmission gears are cemented and hardened. An important parameter of the hardened cemented layer is its effective thickness hef . Metal banding and the unavoidable instrumental error in hardness measuring have a great influence on the reliability of hef determination. The purpose of this article was to develop a methodology to improve the reliability of determining of the effective thickness hef of the hardened layer in steel after carburizing and quenching.The value of hef is the distance h from the surface of the product to the hardness zone of 50 HRC. The article substantiates that approximation of hardness change from the distance h to the product surface will allow to obtain a more reliable dependence of hardness change in the investigated area when making hardness measurements in a wider range of distance h. Therefore, to increase the reliability of hef determination, results of the HV0.5 hardness measurement in an extended range of changes in h in the vicinity of the analyzed zone were used. The HV0.5 measurement results are converted to HRC hardness values using the formula recommended by the international standard. The HRC(h) distribution of HRC hardness values in the measurement area is interpolated by a second-degree polynomial which physically correctly reflects the change in metal hardness in the analyzed area. The resulting polynomial is used to determine of the distance hef at which the hardness takes on a value of 50 HRC. The methodology was used to determine the hef of an 18KhGT steel gear wheel after carburizing and quenching. It is shown that results of two independent measurements of the hef sample differ from each other by 0.003 mm. This is significantly less than the permissible error of 0.02 mm of the hef determination according to the standard technique. The error of hef determination is reduced by extending the range of variation of h and statistically valid interpolation of the monotonic change in hardness with the distance from the surface of the item in the measurement area. The developed method of determining the effective thickness hef of the hardened steel layer consists in determining the distribution of its hardness in the expanded vicinity of the hef area, approximating the obtained dependence by a polynomial of the second degree and solving the square equation obtained with its use. The technique provides a significant reduction in the influence of the structural banding of the metal and the inevitable error in measuring hardness on the result of determining the hef . Its application will allow to optimize the cementation regimes of gear wheels to increase their service life. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aac5f84e6ce84b82884c4bebaf952067 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2220-9506 2414-0473 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Belarusian National Technical University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Приборы и методы измерений |
| spelling | doaj-art-aac5f84e6ce84b82884c4bebaf9520672025-02-03T11:37:39ZengBelarusian National Technical UniversityПриборы и методы измерений2220-95062414-04732023-08-0114214515110.21122/2220-9506-2023-14-2-145-151618Methodology for Determining the Effective Thickness of the Cemented Layer of SteelS. G. Sandomirski0A. L. Val’ko1S. P. Rudenko2Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusJoint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusJoint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusHighly loaded transmission gears are cemented and hardened. An important parameter of the hardened cemented layer is its effective thickness hef . Metal banding and the unavoidable instrumental error in hardness measuring have a great influence on the reliability of hef determination. The purpose of this article was to develop a methodology to improve the reliability of determining of the effective thickness hef of the hardened layer in steel after carburizing and quenching.The value of hef is the distance h from the surface of the product to the hardness zone of 50 HRC. The article substantiates that approximation of hardness change from the distance h to the product surface will allow to obtain a more reliable dependence of hardness change in the investigated area when making hardness measurements in a wider range of distance h. Therefore, to increase the reliability of hef determination, results of the HV0.5 hardness measurement in an extended range of changes in h in the vicinity of the analyzed zone were used. The HV0.5 measurement results are converted to HRC hardness values using the formula recommended by the international standard. The HRC(h) distribution of HRC hardness values in the measurement area is interpolated by a second-degree polynomial which physically correctly reflects the change in metal hardness in the analyzed area. The resulting polynomial is used to determine of the distance hef at which the hardness takes on a value of 50 HRC. The methodology was used to determine the hef of an 18KhGT steel gear wheel after carburizing and quenching. It is shown that results of two independent measurements of the hef sample differ from each other by 0.003 mm. This is significantly less than the permissible error of 0.02 mm of the hef determination according to the standard technique. The error of hef determination is reduced by extending the range of variation of h and statistically valid interpolation of the monotonic change in hardness with the distance from the surface of the item in the measurement area. The developed method of determining the effective thickness hef of the hardened steel layer consists in determining the distribution of its hardness in the expanded vicinity of the hef area, approximating the obtained dependence by a polynomial of the second degree and solving the square equation obtained with its use. The technique provides a significant reduction in the influence of the structural banding of the metal and the inevitable error in measuring hardness on the result of determining the hef . Its application will allow to optimize the cementation regimes of gear wheels to increase their service life.https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/827surface hardeningcementinghardnessinterpolation of hardness distributioneffective thickness of the hardened layer |
| spellingShingle | S. G. Sandomirski A. L. Val’ko S. P. Rudenko Methodology for Determining the Effective Thickness of the Cemented Layer of Steel Приборы и методы измерений surface hardening cementing hardness interpolation of hardness distribution effective thickness of the hardened layer |
| title | Methodology for Determining the Effective Thickness of the Cemented Layer of Steel |
| title_full | Methodology for Determining the Effective Thickness of the Cemented Layer of Steel |
| title_fullStr | Methodology for Determining the Effective Thickness of the Cemented Layer of Steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methodology for Determining the Effective Thickness of the Cemented Layer of Steel |
| title_short | Methodology for Determining the Effective Thickness of the Cemented Layer of Steel |
| title_sort | methodology for determining the effective thickness of the cemented layer of steel |
| topic | surface hardening cementing hardness interpolation of hardness distribution effective thickness of the hardened layer |
| url | https://pimi.bntu.by/jour/article/view/827 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sgsandomirski methodologyfordeterminingtheeffectivethicknessofthecementedlayerofsteel AT alvalko methodologyfordeterminingtheeffectivethicknessofthecementedlayerofsteel AT sprudenko methodologyfordeterminingtheeffectivethicknessofthecementedlayerofsteel |