The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae protein Mhp274 elicits mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice
BackgroundMycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS). Commercial vaccines provide partial protection and do not prevent the colonization and transmission of M. hyopneumoniae. The bottleneck in the development of more effective vaccines for MPS is the st...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1516944/full |
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| author | Mengqi Xie Zhongshun Huang Yun Zhang Yujie Gan Huiying Li Dan Li Honglei Ding |
| author_facet | Mengqi Xie Zhongshun Huang Yun Zhang Yujie Gan Huiying Li Dan Li Honglei Ding |
| author_sort | Mengqi Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundMycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS). Commercial vaccines provide partial protection and do not prevent the colonization and transmission of M. hyopneumoniae. The bottleneck in the development of more effective vaccines for MPS is the stimulation of effective immune responses in the host. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the immune responses of immunodominant proteins Mhp170, Mhp274 and Mhp336 in BALB/c mice.MethodsThe recombinant Mhp170 (rMhp170), Mhp274 (rMhp274), and Mhp336 (rMhp336) proteins were purified from recombinant bacteria. Fifty-two six-week-old SPF female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: a commercial inactivated vaccine-immunized group, three recombinant protein-inoculated groups, and a PBS-treated group. The physical parameters and body weights of the mice were observed during the experiment. The lung/body coefficient and macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions were evaluated. IgG and its isotypes IgG1 and IgG2a in serum and BALF and sIgA in BALF were assessed. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17, in the supernatants of splenocytes and in serum were measured, and the mRNA levels of three cytokines in splenocytes were analyzed. Finally, lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation with corresponding proteins or crude extract of M. hyopneumoniae J strain was assessed.ResultsWe successfully constructed recombinant bacteria expressing rMhp170, rMhp274, and rMhp336. None of the mice from all groups presented adverse reactions and macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions. rMhp170 and rMhp274 were capable of inducing the production of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 in serum and BALF, the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in serum, the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 mRNAs in splenocytes, and high levels of lymphocyte proliferation. Moreover, rMhp274 significantly increased sIgA in BALF. Nevertheless, rMhp336 induced only IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 production in sera; the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in sera and BALF; the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNAs in the splenocyte population; and lymphocyte proliferation.ConclusionMhp170 and Mhp274 induced Th1/Th2/Th17 immune responses, and Mhp336 stimulated mixed Th1/Th2-type immune responses, in mice. Our data suggest that Mhp274 is a potential viable candidate for the development of a subunit vaccine for MPS. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-aabc0d3c34c24958805f5c3ed120fb792025-02-07T06:49:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-02-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15169441516944The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae protein Mhp274 elicits mucosal and systemic immune responses in miceMengqi XieZhongshun HuangYun ZhangYujie GanHuiying LiDan LiHonglei DingBackgroundMycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS). Commercial vaccines provide partial protection and do not prevent the colonization and transmission of M. hyopneumoniae. The bottleneck in the development of more effective vaccines for MPS is the stimulation of effective immune responses in the host. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the immune responses of immunodominant proteins Mhp170, Mhp274 and Mhp336 in BALB/c mice.MethodsThe recombinant Mhp170 (rMhp170), Mhp274 (rMhp274), and Mhp336 (rMhp336) proteins were purified from recombinant bacteria. Fifty-two six-week-old SPF female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: a commercial inactivated vaccine-immunized group, three recombinant protein-inoculated groups, and a PBS-treated group. The physical parameters and body weights of the mice were observed during the experiment. The lung/body coefficient and macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions were evaluated. IgG and its isotypes IgG1 and IgG2a in serum and BALF and sIgA in BALF were assessed. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17, in the supernatants of splenocytes and in serum were measured, and the mRNA levels of three cytokines in splenocytes were analyzed. Finally, lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation with corresponding proteins or crude extract of M. hyopneumoniae J strain was assessed.ResultsWe successfully constructed recombinant bacteria expressing rMhp170, rMhp274, and rMhp336. None of the mice from all groups presented adverse reactions and macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions. rMhp170 and rMhp274 were capable of inducing the production of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 in serum and BALF, the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in serum, the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 mRNAs in splenocytes, and high levels of lymphocyte proliferation. Moreover, rMhp274 significantly increased sIgA in BALF. Nevertheless, rMhp336 induced only IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 production in sera; the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in sera and BALF; the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNAs in the splenocyte population; and lymphocyte proliferation.ConclusionMhp170 and Mhp274 induced Th1/Th2/Th17 immune responses, and Mhp336 stimulated mixed Th1/Th2-type immune responses, in mice. Our data suggest that Mhp274 is a potential viable candidate for the development of a subunit vaccine for MPS.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1516944/fullmycoplasma hyopneumoniaeIgGIFN-γIL-4IL-17lymphocyte proliferation response |
| spellingShingle | Mengqi Xie Zhongshun Huang Yun Zhang Yujie Gan Huiying Li Dan Li Honglei Ding The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae protein Mhp274 elicits mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology mycoplasma hyopneumoniae IgG IFN-γ IL-4 IL-17 lymphocyte proliferation response |
| title | The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae protein Mhp274 elicits mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice |
| title_full | The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae protein Mhp274 elicits mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice |
| title_fullStr | The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae protein Mhp274 elicits mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae protein Mhp274 elicits mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice |
| title_short | The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae protein Mhp274 elicits mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice |
| title_sort | mycoplasma hyopneumoniae protein mhp274 elicits mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice |
| topic | mycoplasma hyopneumoniae IgG IFN-γ IL-4 IL-17 lymphocyte proliferation response |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1516944/full |
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