Etiology and Oral Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of the First Urinary Tract Infection Episode in Infants Under 6 Months of Age: A 17-Year, Retrospective, Single-Center Study in Italy

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in children, and the antibiotic susceptibility in the youngest patients remains poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the distribution of uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility, focusing on...

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Main Authors: Francesca Bagnasco, Francesca Lorenzini Ceradelli, Alessio Mesini, Carolina Saffioti, Erica Ricci, Chiara Russo, Marcello Mariani, Elisabetta Ugolotti, Emanuela Caci, Debora Contu, Elisa Tavella, Alessia Cafaro, Giorgio Piaggio, Enrico Verrina, Roberto Bandettini, Elio Castagnola
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/607
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author Francesca Bagnasco
Francesca Lorenzini Ceradelli
Alessio Mesini
Carolina Saffioti
Erica Ricci
Chiara Russo
Marcello Mariani
Elisabetta Ugolotti
Emanuela Caci
Debora Contu
Elisa Tavella
Alessia Cafaro
Giorgio Piaggio
Enrico Verrina
Roberto Bandettini
Elio Castagnola
author_facet Francesca Bagnasco
Francesca Lorenzini Ceradelli
Alessio Mesini
Carolina Saffioti
Erica Ricci
Chiara Russo
Marcello Mariani
Elisabetta Ugolotti
Emanuela Caci
Debora Contu
Elisa Tavella
Alessia Cafaro
Giorgio Piaggio
Enrico Verrina
Roberto Bandettini
Elio Castagnola
author_sort Francesca Bagnasco
collection DOAJ
description Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in children, and the antibiotic susceptibility in the youngest patients remains poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the distribution of uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility, focusing on oral formulations. Methods: Data from the first microbiological isolation, between January 2007 and December 2023, at Istituto Gaslini, in young infants (aged <6 months), were analyzed. Results: We isolated 2473 infants’ first pathogen, with a median age in the sample of 2.8 months and 62.6% male. A total of 2498 bacterial isolates were identified, of which 88.8% were Gram-negative and 11.2% were Gram-positive. <i>Escherichia coli</i> (53%) was the most frequent isolate, followed by <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (12.3%) and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (9.6%). No significant differences were observed between males and females, but infants younger than 3 months exhibited a significantly different pathogen distribution compared to older infants. The pathogen distribution showed significant changes before and after 2015, with a marked increase in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates post-2015. <i>Escherichia coli</i> showed increases in resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin after 2015. Conclusions: <i>Escherichia coli</i> remains the most common uropathogen; however, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> has not only shown a high prevalence but also significant resistance, particularly in recent years.
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spelling doaj-art-aab45b86b0d44ff9b3d5c01915a4c1222025-08-20T02:42:27ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-03-0113360710.3390/microorganisms13030607Etiology and Oral Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of the First Urinary Tract Infection Episode in Infants Under 6 Months of Age: A 17-Year, Retrospective, Single-Center Study in ItalyFrancesca Bagnasco0Francesca Lorenzini Ceradelli1Alessio Mesini2Carolina Saffioti3Erica Ricci4Chiara Russo5Marcello Mariani6Elisabetta Ugolotti7Emanuela Caci8Debora Contu9Elisa Tavella10Alessia Cafaro11Giorgio Piaggio12Enrico Verrina13Roberto Bandettini14Elio Castagnola15Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Sciences (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyInfectious Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyInfectious Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyInfectious Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Sciences (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyInfectious Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Clinical Analysis, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Clinical Analysis, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Clinical Analysis, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Clinical Analysis, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Clinical Analysis, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyNephrology and Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyNephrology and Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyNephrology and Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyInfectious Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, ItalyBackground: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in children, and the antibiotic susceptibility in the youngest patients remains poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the distribution of uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility, focusing on oral formulations. Methods: Data from the first microbiological isolation, between January 2007 and December 2023, at Istituto Gaslini, in young infants (aged <6 months), were analyzed. Results: We isolated 2473 infants’ first pathogen, with a median age in the sample of 2.8 months and 62.6% male. A total of 2498 bacterial isolates were identified, of which 88.8% were Gram-negative and 11.2% were Gram-positive. <i>Escherichia coli</i> (53%) was the most frequent isolate, followed by <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (12.3%) and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (9.6%). No significant differences were observed between males and females, but infants younger than 3 months exhibited a significantly different pathogen distribution compared to older infants. The pathogen distribution showed significant changes before and after 2015, with a marked increase in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates post-2015. <i>Escherichia coli</i> showed increases in resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin after 2015. Conclusions: <i>Escherichia coli</i> remains the most common uropathogen; however, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> has not only shown a high prevalence but also significant resistance, particularly in recent years.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/607urinary tract infectionsinfantsoral antibiotic susceptibilityetiologyItaly
spellingShingle Francesca Bagnasco
Francesca Lorenzini Ceradelli
Alessio Mesini
Carolina Saffioti
Erica Ricci
Chiara Russo
Marcello Mariani
Elisabetta Ugolotti
Emanuela Caci
Debora Contu
Elisa Tavella
Alessia Cafaro
Giorgio Piaggio
Enrico Verrina
Roberto Bandettini
Elio Castagnola
Etiology and Oral Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of the First Urinary Tract Infection Episode in Infants Under 6 Months of Age: A 17-Year, Retrospective, Single-Center Study in Italy
Microorganisms
urinary tract infections
infants
oral antibiotic susceptibility
etiology
Italy
title Etiology and Oral Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of the First Urinary Tract Infection Episode in Infants Under 6 Months of Age: A 17-Year, Retrospective, Single-Center Study in Italy
title_full Etiology and Oral Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of the First Urinary Tract Infection Episode in Infants Under 6 Months of Age: A 17-Year, Retrospective, Single-Center Study in Italy
title_fullStr Etiology and Oral Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of the First Urinary Tract Infection Episode in Infants Under 6 Months of Age: A 17-Year, Retrospective, Single-Center Study in Italy
title_full_unstemmed Etiology and Oral Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of the First Urinary Tract Infection Episode in Infants Under 6 Months of Age: A 17-Year, Retrospective, Single-Center Study in Italy
title_short Etiology and Oral Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of the First Urinary Tract Infection Episode in Infants Under 6 Months of Age: A 17-Year, Retrospective, Single-Center Study in Italy
title_sort etiology and oral antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the first urinary tract infection episode in infants under 6 months of age a 17 year retrospective single center study in italy
topic urinary tract infections
infants
oral antibiotic susceptibility
etiology
Italy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/607
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