Development of a New Indirect ELISA Test for the Detection of Anti-Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Cats
Background/Objectives: Feline coronavirus (FCoV) belongs to the family Coronaviridae and includes two pathotypes, the less virulent feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), which replicates in the enteric epithelial cells, and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), which is more virulent, replicates...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/3/245 |
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| author | Irene Ferrero Sarah Dewilde Paolo Poletti Barbara Canepa Enrica Giachino Paola Dall’Ara Joel Filipe |
| author_facet | Irene Ferrero Sarah Dewilde Paolo Poletti Barbara Canepa Enrica Giachino Paola Dall’Ara Joel Filipe |
| author_sort | Irene Ferrero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Objectives: Feline coronavirus (FCoV) belongs to the family Coronaviridae and includes two pathotypes, the less virulent feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), which replicates in the enteric epithelial cells, and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), which is more virulent, replicates efficiently within monocytes/macrophages with systemic involvement and may cause feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a progressive and often fatal disease. The diagnosis of FIP is complex and requires different examinations. Among serological tests, the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), considered the gold standard, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the most widely used to detect FCoV antibodies. The aim of this work was the development of FCoVCHECK Ab ELISA, a new rapid indirect test for the detection of FCoV antibodies in feline serum/plasma samples. Methods: FCoVCHECK Ab ELISA was developed after a meticulous set-up and cut-off analysis through several methods, including the Youden’s index and ROC curve, to achieve the best test performance. It was validated by testing 110 feline sera (62 positives and 48 negatives) against the reference IFAT and compared with two other rapid ELISA tests, INgezim Corona Felino (Gold Standard Diagnostics) and ImmunoComb Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) [FIP] Antibody Test Kit (Biogal). Conclusions: FCoVCHECK Ab ELISA agreed with IFAT at 96.4% (93.5% sensitivity, 95% confidence interval (CI): 83.5–97.9%; 100% specificity, 95% CI: 90.8–100%), with ImmunoComb FCoV at 93.6% and with INgezim Corona Felino at 82.7%. Intra- and inter-assay accuracy and precision gave coefficients of variation lower than 20%. Compared to IFAT, the new assay correctly identifies positive and negative samples with a good correlation, and, in addition, it is simpler, faster and provides a less subjective reading of the results. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aab1c0be7e0146dfba6196a5967d8ea5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-aab1c0be7e0146dfba6196a5967d8ea52025-08-20T03:43:51ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-03-0112324510.3390/vetsci12030245Development of a New Indirect ELISA Test for the Detection of Anti-Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in CatsIrene Ferrero0Sarah Dewilde1Paolo Poletti2Barbara Canepa3Enrica Giachino4Paola Dall’Ara5Joel Filipe6Agrolabo S.p.A., 10010 Scarmagno, ItalyGem Forlab S.r.l., 10014 Caluso, ItalyAgrolabo S.p.A., 10010 Scarmagno, ItalyGem Forlab S.r.l., 10014 Caluso, ItalyAgrolabo S.p.A., 10010 Scarmagno, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, ItalyBackground/Objectives: Feline coronavirus (FCoV) belongs to the family Coronaviridae and includes two pathotypes, the less virulent feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), which replicates in the enteric epithelial cells, and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), which is more virulent, replicates efficiently within monocytes/macrophages with systemic involvement and may cause feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a progressive and often fatal disease. The diagnosis of FIP is complex and requires different examinations. Among serological tests, the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), considered the gold standard, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the most widely used to detect FCoV antibodies. The aim of this work was the development of FCoVCHECK Ab ELISA, a new rapid indirect test for the detection of FCoV antibodies in feline serum/plasma samples. Methods: FCoVCHECK Ab ELISA was developed after a meticulous set-up and cut-off analysis through several methods, including the Youden’s index and ROC curve, to achieve the best test performance. It was validated by testing 110 feline sera (62 positives and 48 negatives) against the reference IFAT and compared with two other rapid ELISA tests, INgezim Corona Felino (Gold Standard Diagnostics) and ImmunoComb Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) [FIP] Antibody Test Kit (Biogal). Conclusions: FCoVCHECK Ab ELISA agreed with IFAT at 96.4% (93.5% sensitivity, 95% confidence interval (CI): 83.5–97.9%; 100% specificity, 95% CI: 90.8–100%), with ImmunoComb FCoV at 93.6% and with INgezim Corona Felino at 82.7%. Intra- and inter-assay accuracy and precision gave coefficients of variation lower than 20%. Compared to IFAT, the new assay correctly identifies positive and negative samples with a good correlation, and, in addition, it is simpler, faster and provides a less subjective reading of the results.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/3/245FCoVFECVFIPVCoronavirusFIPFCoVCHECK |
| spellingShingle | Irene Ferrero Sarah Dewilde Paolo Poletti Barbara Canepa Enrica Giachino Paola Dall’Ara Joel Filipe Development of a New Indirect ELISA Test for the Detection of Anti-Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Cats Veterinary Sciences FCoV FECV FIPV Coronavirus FIP FCoVCHECK |
| title | Development of a New Indirect ELISA Test for the Detection of Anti-Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Cats |
| title_full | Development of a New Indirect ELISA Test for the Detection of Anti-Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Cats |
| title_fullStr | Development of a New Indirect ELISA Test for the Detection of Anti-Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Cats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a New Indirect ELISA Test for the Detection of Anti-Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Cats |
| title_short | Development of a New Indirect ELISA Test for the Detection of Anti-Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Cats |
| title_sort | development of a new indirect elisa test for the detection of anti feline coronavirus antibodies in cats |
| topic | FCoV FECV FIPV Coronavirus FIP FCoVCHECK |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/3/245 |
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